PLESIOSAUR REFERENCES

Reformatted and posted here with the permission of Barry Kazmer (11/98)

Last reviewed: 09/07/2009

The following references were compiled by Barry Kazmer and are available in a slightly different version on his Plesiosaur Paleontology Page.

NOTE THIS PAGE IS NO LONGER BEING UPDATED: Please refer to the source, or to my Marine Reptile References Page

Go here for more about KANSAS PLESIOSAURS


ADAMS, D.A. 1997. Trinacromerum bonneri, New Species, Last and Fastest Pliosaur of the Western Interior Seaway. Texas Journal of Science, 49(3): 179-198

ALMY, K. 1987. Thof’s dragon and the letters of Capt. Theophilus H. Turner, M.D., U.S. Army. Kansas History 10: 170-200.

AMERY, H. 1995. Looking at... Plesiosaurus: A marine reptile from the Jurassic Period. Gareth Stevens Publishing, Milwaukee. 24pp.

ANDREWS, C. W. 1895. On the structure of the skull of Peloneustes philarcus Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser 6, 16: 242-256

-------- 1895. On the development of the shoulder-girdle of a plesiosaur (Cryptocleidus oxoniensis, Phillips, sp.) from the Oxford clay. Ann. and Mag. Nat. History, ser 6, 15: 333-346, figs. 1-4.

-------- 1896. On the structure of the plesiosaurian skull. Quarterly Jour. Geol. Soc. London, 52:246-253, 2 figs, 1pl.

-------- 1897. On the structure of the skull of a pliosaur. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, 53:177-185, 1 pl., 2 text-figs.

-------- 1909. On some new Plesiosauria from the Oxford clay of Peterborough. Ann, and Mag. Nat. History. ser 8, 4: 418-429, figs. 1-7.

-------- 1910. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford Clay. Part 1. 205 pp. Brit. Museum Nat. Hist. London.

-------- 1910. Note on a mounted skeleton of a small pliosaur. Peloneustes philarchus. Seeley. Geology Magazine 7: 110-112, pl 12.

-------- 1911. On the structure of the roof of the skull and of the mandible of Peloneustes, with some remarks on the plesiosaurian mandible generally. Geol. Mag.(5) 8:160-164.

-------- 1911. Description of a new plesiosaur (Plesiosaurus capensis) from the Uitenhage beds of Cape Colony. Ann. South African Museum, 7: 309-322.

-------- 1913. A descriptive catalog of the marine reptiles of the Oxford Clay. Part 2. 206 pp. Brit. Museum Nat. Hist. London.

-------- 1922. Description of a new plesiosaur from the Weald Clay of Berwick (Sussex). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London 78:285-298 1 fig.,2 pls.

-------- 1922. Note on the skeleton of a new plesiosaur (Rhomaleosaurus thorntoni, sp. n.) from the Upper Lias of Northamptonshire. Ann. and Mag. Nat. History. ser 9. 10: 407-415, pls. 1,7,9.

ARCHIBALD, J.D. and CLEMENS, W. A., 1982. Late Cretaceous extinctions. American Scientist, 70:377-385.

ARMSTRONG-ZIEGLER, G. 1978. Amphibia and Reptilia from the Campanian of New Mexico. Fieldiana: Geology (New Series), No. 4:1-39.

BAIRD, D. 1984 No Ichthyosaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of New Jersey or Saskatchewan. Mosasaur 2:129-133.

-------- and G.R.CASE. 1966. Rare marine reptiles from the Cretaceous of New Jersey Journal of Paleontology 40:1211-1215.

BAKKER, R. T. 1986. Dinosaur Heresies. William Morrow, New York, 490 pp.

-------- 1993. Plesiosaur extinction cycles---events that mark the beginning, middle, and end of the Cretaceous. IN W. G. E. Caldwell and E.G. Kauffman (Eds.), Evolution of the Western Interior Basin, pp. 641-664. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 39.

BARDACK, D. 1965. Localities of fossil vertebrates obtained from the Niobrara Formation (Cretaceous) of Kansas. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. His. 17:1-14.

-------- 1968. Fossil vertebrates from the marine Cretaceous of Manitoba.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 5:145-153.

BARDET, N. 1992. Evolution et extinction des reptiles marins au cours du Mésozoïque. Memoirs des Sciences de la Terre del’ Universté Pierre et Marie Curie. 9230: 212.

-------- 1993. Pliosaurs and Plesiosaurs from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of Normandy. Revue

de Paléobiologie. 7:1-17.

-------- 1994. Extinction Events Among Mesozoic Marine Reptiles. Historical Biology, 7: 313-324.

BARRETT, L. 1859. On the atlas and axis of the Plesiosaurus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3:361-364.

BENEDEN, P. J. 1880. Deux plésiosaures du Lias inférieur du Luxembourg. Mémoirs Acad. Roy. Sci. etc. Belgique 43: 1-45, pls., 1-4.

BENTON, M. J. 1985. Classification and Phylogeny of the Diapsid Reptiles. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 84: 97-164.

-------- 1990. The Reign of Reptiles. Kingfisher Books, London, 160 pp.

-------- and Taylor, M. 1984. Marine reptiles from the Upper Lias (Lower Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) of the Yorkshire Coast. Yorkshire Geol. Soc. Proc. 44: 399-429

BIGOT, A. 1938. Sauropterygians du Jurassique de Calvados. Bull. Soc. Géol. France. ser. 5 8: 631-636, pl. 37.

BILBEY, S. A. and E. HALL, S. WELLES. 1990. Pliosaurian plesiosaur found in Redwater Member of the Stump Formation (Jurassic-Oxfordian) of Northeastern Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10 :14A abstract.

BLAKE, C.C. 1862. Plesiosaurus in Chilé. The Geologist, 5: 110.

BONNER, O. 1964. An osteological study of Nyctosaurus and Trinacromerum: two rare and unusual reptilian genera from the Kansas Cretaceous. Unpublished Master’s thesis. Ft. Hays State College. 63 pp.

BOUGALBOV, N. N. 1909. Ob Ostatkakh dvukh presmykayushchikhscy (Cryptoclidus simbirkensis n.sp.)i (Ichthyosaurus skeleton) naydennykh profes. A.P. Pavlovym na Volge, v Simbirskikh mezozoynykh otolozheniyakh. Ezheg. Geol. Miner. Ross. Kharkov. 11: 42-64. [in Russian]

-------- 1911. Izistorii plesiosavrov v. Rossii. Uch. Zap. Imp. Moscow Univ., Otd. Est.- Ist., 29, 412 pp. 16 pls. in Russian.

-------- 1912. Sur la présence de l’Elasmosaurus et du Polycotylus dans les dépôts de la Russie. Ann. Geol. Min. Russie, 14 : 174-177, 2 figs. [ in Russian ]

-------- 1912. Note sur les plesiosaures du Jura Superieur de la Russie. Ann. Geol.Min. Russie, 14:4-7.

BOULENGER, G. A. 1917. On the use of the names Plesiosauria and Sauropterygia. Proc. Zoöl. Soc. London, parts 3 and 4, 221-222.

BRANDES, THEODOR. 1914. Plesiosauriden aus dem unteren Lias von Halberstadt. Palæontographica Band 61: 41-56, figs. 1-10, pls. 14,15.

BROILI, F. 1930. Plesiosaurierreste von der Ibsel Quiriquina. N. Jb. Min. Geol. Pal. Abt. B, 63: 497-514. 3 figs.

BROOM, R. 1921. On the structure of the reptilian tarsus. Proc. Zoöl. Soc. London,10:143-155, 27 figs.

BROWN, B. 1904. Stomach stones and food of plesiosaurs. Science 19:184-185

-------- 1913. A new plesiosaur, Leurospondylus, from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 32:606-615, 7 figs.

BROWN, D.S. 1975. British Upper Jurassic Plesiosaurs. Ph.D. thesis. University of Newcastle upon Tyne. (unpublished)

-------- 1981. The Upper Jurassic Plesiosauroidea (Reptilia) and a review of the phylogeny and classification of the Plesiosauria. Bull. British museum (N. H.), Geology 35 (4):253-347.

-------- 1981. Dental Morphology and function of plesiosaurs. Journal Dent. Res. 60:(B) Abstract 146, 1114.

-------- 1993. A taxonomic reappraisal of the families Elasmosauridae and Cryptocleididae (Reptilia: Plesiosauria). Revue de Paléobiologie, Spécial 7:9- 16.

-------- and CRUICKSHANK, A. R. I. 1994. The Skull of the Callovian Plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus, and the Sauropterygian Cheek. Palæontology 37(4): 941-953.

-------- , MILNER, A. C., and TAYLOR, M.A. 1986. New material of the plesiosaur Kimmerosaurus langhami Brown, from the Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series 40: 225-234.

CABRERA, A. 1941. Un plesiosaurio nuevo del Cretaceo del Chubut. Rev.Museo la Plata, 2:113-130, 6 figs.

CALDWELL, M. W. 1997. Modified perichondrial ossification and the evolution of paddle-like limbs in Ichthyosaurs and Plesiosaurs. Journal of VertebratePaleontology 17(3): 534-547.

CARPENTER, K. 1989. Dolichorhynchops ? Trinacromerum. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9, supplement 3:15A.

-------- 1996. A review of the short-necked plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous of the Western Interior, North America. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 201, 2:259-287.

-------- 1997. Comparative cranial anatomy of two North American Cretaceous plesiosaurs. IN Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press pp. 191-216.

CARROLL, R. L. 1975. The early differentiation of diapsid reptiles. Coll. Int. C.N.R.S. no. 218, Problèms actuels de paléontologie-Évolution des vertébrés. 433-449.

-------- 1981. Plesiosaur ancestors from the Upper Permian of Madagascar. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London.(B) 293:315-383.

-------- 1984. The emergence of marine reptiles in the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic, in Reif, W.-E. and Westphal, F.,eds., Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Short Papers, Tubingen, Attempto Verlag, pp. 41-46.

-------- 1985. Evolutionary constraints in aquatic diapsid reptiles . Special papers in Palæontology, 33: 145-155.

-------- 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman, New York, 698 pp.

-------- and DONG ZHI-MING. 1991. Hupesuchus, an enigmatic aquatic reptile from the Triassic of China, and the problem of establishing relationships. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B331: 131-153.

-------- and GASKILL, P. 1985. The nothosaur Pachypleurosaurus and the origin of plesiosaurs. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London 309: 343-393.

CARTE, ALEXANDER, and BAILY, W. H. 1863. Description of a new species of Plesiosaurus, from the Lias, near Whitby, Yorkshire. Royal Dublin Society Journal 4: 160-170, pls. 5-6.

-------- 1863. On a new species of Plesiosaurus from the Lias, near Whitby, Yorkshire. Rep. Br. Ass. Advmt. Sci. 1862: 68-69.

CARTER, B. R. 1990. A plesiosaur from the Upper Mancos Shale. Museum of Western Colorado Notes

CHATTERJEE, S. and SMALL, B. J. 1989. New plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica. In Origins and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota. ed. J. A. Crame. Geol. Soc. Spec. Volume 47. pp. 197-213.

COLBERT, E. H. 1949. A new Cretaceous plesiosaur from Venezuela. Amer. Mus. Nov. 1420, 22 pp. 9 figs.

CONYBEARE, W. D. 1821. Notice of the discovery of a new fossil animal forming a link between the Ichthyosaurus and the Crocodile, together with general remarks on the osteology of the Ichthyosaurus. Trans. Geol. Soc. London, 5:559-594.

-------- 1822. Additional notes on the fossil genera Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus. Trans. Geol. Soc. London, (1)2:103-123.

-------- 1824. On the discovery of an almost perfect skeleton of the Plesiosaurus. Trans. Geol. Soc. London, ser 2, 1: 381-390.

COPE, E. D. 1868. A new large enaliosaur. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 20:92-93

-------- 1868. Note on the fossils near Ft. Wallace. IN J. L. LeConte 1868, vide infra.

-------- 1869. Extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 14:1-252.

-------- 1869. The fossil reptiles of New Jersey. American Naturalist 3:84-91

-------- 1870. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 252pp.

-------- 1870. On Elasmosaurus platyurus Cope. American Journal of Science 100:140-141

-------- 1872. Food of plesiosaurs. American Naturalist 6:439.

-------- 1872. Description of Plesiosaurus gulo and of the turtle afterwards named Toxochelys latiremis. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1872: 127-129.

-------- 1877. Report on the geology of the region of the Judith River, Montana, and on the vertebrate fossils on or near the Missouri River. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 3:565-597, plts. 30-34.

-------- 1887. The sea saurians of the Fox Hills Cretaceous. American Naturalist 21:563-566.

-------- 1894. On the structure of the skull in the plesiosaurian Reptilia, and on two new species from the Upper Cretaceous. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 33:109-113.

COWEN, R. 1990. Locomotion and respiration in marine air-breathing vertebrates. http://quartz.ucdavis.edu/www/local/personal_pages.html/ 11pp.

CRAGIN, F. 1888. Preliminary description of a new or little known Saurian from the Benton of Kansas. American Geologist 2:404-407.

-------- 1891. New observations on the genus Trinacromerum. Amer. Geol. 2:404-407.

CRUICKSHANK, A. 1994. Cranial Anatomy of the Lower Jurassic pliosaur Rhomaleosaurus megacephalus, Stutchbury (Reptilia: Plesiosauria). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B 343: 247-260.

-------- 1994. A juvenile plesiosaur (Reptilia: Plesiosauria) from the Lower Lias (Hettangian: Lower Jurassic) of Lyme Regis, England: a pliosaurid-plesiosaurid intermediate? Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 112: 151-178

-------- , SMALL, P., and TAYLOR, M. 1991. Dorsal nostrils and hydrodynamically driven underwater olfaction in plesiosaurs. Nature 352: 62-64.

DAMES, W. 1895. Die Plesiosaurier der süddeutschen Liasformation. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, phys.-math. Klasse, Abh. 1-83, figs. 1-3, pls. 1-5.

DARBY, D. G. and OJAKANGAS, R. W. 1980. Gastroliths from an Upper Cretaceous plesiosaur. Journal of Paleontology 54:548-556.

DEECKE, W. 1896. Ueber Saurierreste aus dem Quiriquina-Schichten. in Steinmann, pp. 32-63, pls 1-3.

DELAIR, J. B. 1959. The Mesozoic Reptiles of Dorset. Part 2. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archæological Society. 80: 52-90.

DOMBROWSKY, B.A. 1913. Ueber den Knochenfund des Elasmosaurus beim Chutor Lyssow im Dongebiet. Ann. Geol. Min. Russie. 15: 5-7, 6 figs. [Résumé in French of Russian article]

DONG ZHIMING. 1980. A new plesiosaur from the Lias of Sichuan Basin. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 18:191-197.

ECHOLS, J. G. 1972. Biostratigraphy and reptile faunas of the Upper Austin and Taylor groups (Upper Cretaceous) of Texas with special reference to Hunt, Fannin, Lumar and Delta Counties, Texas. Thesis. Univ. Ok. 245 pp.

EDINGER, T. 1935. Pistosaurus. Neues Jahrb. Min. Geol. 74, Beil.-Abt. B., 321-359, 9 figs.

ETHERIDGE, R. 1897. An Australian Sauropterygian (Cimoliasaurus) [sic] converted into precious opal. Rec. Austral. Mus, 3: 19-29, 3 pls.

-------- 1904. A second sauropterygian converted into opal from the Upper Cretaceous of New South Wales. Rec. Austr. Mu. 5: 306.

EVANS, S.E. 1988. The early history and relationships of the Diapsida, in Benton, M. J. ed., The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. V.1: Amphibians, Reptiles, and Birds. Oxford, Clarendon Press, pp.224-260.

FRAAS, E. 1910. Plesiosaurier aus dem oberen Lias von Holtzmaden. Palæntographica, 57:105-140. pls. 6-10.

FREY, E. and REISS, J. 1982. Considerations concerning plesiosaur locomotion. N. Jb. Geol. Paläont., Abh.164: 188-192.

GODFREY, S. J., 1984. Plesiosaur sub-aqueous locomotion: a reappraisal. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 11:661-672. Stuttgart.

HAAS, G. 1958. Plesiosaur vertebra from the Cenomanian of Ma’ayan near Elath. Bull. Res. Concil. Israel. Zool. 7 B: 1-2, figs.1-3.

HAAST, J. 1870. Notes on a collection of saurian remains from the Waipara River, Canterbury, in the possession of J. H. Cockburn Hood, Esq. Trans. Proc. New Zealand Inst. 2: 186-189.

HALSTEAD, L. B. 1969. The Pattern of Vertebrate Evolution. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Scotland.

-------- 1989. Plesiosaur Locomotion. Journal of the Geol. Society London, 146: 37- 40, 1 fig.

HAMPE, O. 1992. Ein grosswüchsiger Pliosauride (Reptilia: Plesiosauria) aus der Unterkreide (oberes Aptium) von Kolumbian. Courier Fforsch. Inst. Senckenberg. 145: 1-45.

HANCOCK, J., W. KENNEDY and W. COBBAN. 1993. A correlation of the Upper Albian to Basal Coniacian sequences of northwest Europe, Texas, and the United States Western Interior. IN Caldwell, W. and E. Kauffman (Eds): Evolution of the Western Interior Basin: Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Paper 39:453-476.

HARLAN, R. 1824. Notice of the Plesiosaurus, and other fossil reliquine from the state of New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 4:232-236, 1 fig.

HAWKINS, T. H. 1834. Memoirs on Ichthyosauri and Plesiosauri: Extinct Monsters of the Ancient Earth. Relfe and Fletcher, London, 27pp.

-------- 1840. The Book of the Great Sea-dragons, Ichthyosauri and Plesiosauri, Gedolim Taninum of Moses. Extinct Monsters of the Ancient Earth. W. Pickering, London, 27pp.

HUXLEY, T. H. 1858. On a new Species of Plesiosaurus from Street, near Glastonbury; with remarks on the structure of the atlas and axis vertebrae, and of the cranium in that genus. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London. 14: 281-294.

HECTOR, J. 1874. On the fossil Reptilia of New Zealand. Trans. Proc. New Zealand Inst. 6: 333-358, pls. 27-31.

HUENE, F. Von. 1923. Ein Neuer plesiosaurier aus dem oberen LiasWurttembergs:Jahresh Vervaterlungen Naturalische Wurttemberg. 79: 1-21.

HULKE, J. W. 1870. Note on some plesiosaurian remains obtained by J. C. Mansel, Esq., F. G. S. in Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London. 26:611-622. Pl. 41.

-------- 1892. On the shoulder girdle in Ichthyosauria and Sauropterygia. Proc. Roy. Soc. London., 52: 233-255, 9 figs.

HUTTON, F. W. 1894. On a new plesiosaur from the Waipara River. Trans. Proc. New Zeal. Inst. 26: 354-358, 1 pl.

ITURRALDE-VINENT, M. and NORELL, M.A. 1996. Synopsis of Late Jurassic Marine Reptiles from Cuba. American Museum Novitates. 3164: 1-17.

KAUFFMAN, E. 1982. The fabric of Cretaceous marine extinctions. IN Catastrophes and earth history- The new uniformitarianism, eds. Berggren, W.A. and Van Couvering, J. A., 151-246. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

KENT, D. V. and GRADSTEIN, F. M. 1985. A Cretaceous and Jurassic geochronology. Geological Society of America Bulletin 96:1419-1427.

KIPRIIANOV, W. 1882. Studien über die fossilen Reptilian Russlands. II.Theil. Gattung Plesiosaurus Conybeare aus den Severischen Sandstein oder Osteolith der KREIDEGRUPPE. Mem. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb., ser. 7, 30, 6:1-55, 19 pls.

KNIGHT, W. C. 1895. A new Jurassic plesiosaur from Wyoming. Science 2:449.

KOKEN, E. 1887. Die Dinosaurier, Crocodiliden und Sauropterygier des norddeutscen Wealden. Geol. Pal. Abhandl. 3: 106-111, figs. 1-3, pl. 9.

-------- 1905. Neue Plesiosaurierreste aus dem norddeutschen Wealden. Centralb.Min. Geol. Pal. pp. 681-693, 7 figs.

-------- and Linder, H. 1913. Osteolgische notizen über Murænosaurus. N. Jb. Min.Geol. Pal., 1,pp 681-693, 6 figs.

KOOSER, M.A. 1985. Paleocene plesiosaur?; IN Geologic investigations along I-15 Cajon Pass to Manix Lake, Calif. (compiler R. E.Reynolds) pp 43-48 ( San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands, Calif.

KUHN, O. 1935. Fossilum Catalogus, Animalia, pars 69, Sauropterygia, 1-127. Ysel Press, Netherlands.

LEIDY, J. 1851. Descriptions of Fossils Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 5:325-328.

-------- 1854. Remarks on extinct saurian from the Greenville, Clark County, Arkansas Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 7:72, 1 pl.

-------- 1865. Memoir on the extinct reptiles of the Cretaceous formations of the United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 14 192:1-135, 20 pl.

-------- 1870. On the Elasmosaurus platyurus of Cope. American Jour. Sci. 99:392.

-------- 1870. Abstract of remarks on Discosaurus and its allies at meeting of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, April 5. Nature 2:248

LINDER, H. 1913. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Plesiosaurier-Gattungen Peloneustes u. Pliosaurus. Nebst. Anhang: über die beiden ersten Halswirbel der Plesiosaurier. Geol. Pal. Abh. 11(15):1, 339-409, 1-40 figs., 33-36 pls..

LONGMAN, H. A. 1924. Some Queensland fossil vertebrates. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 8: 26-28.

-------- 1930. Kronosaurus queenslandicus. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 10: 1-7.

-------- 1932. Restoration of Kronosaurus queenslandicus. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 10:98

LUCAS, S. G. 1994. Late Cretaceous pliosaurs ( Euryapsida: Plesiosauroidea ) from the Black Mesa Basin, Arizona, U.S.A. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 28:41-45.

-------- and REYNOLDS, R. E. 1993. Putative Paleocene plesiosaurs from Cajon Pass, California, U.S.A. Cretaceous Research 14:107111.

LULL, R. S. 1917. [Plesiosaur from Blue Canyon, Navajo country] IN Gregory, H. E. U.S. Geological Survey Paper 93, 161 pp.

LYDEKKER, R. 1889. Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum. Part 2. Orders Ichthyoptyerygia and Sauropterygia. London: xxi +307 pp., 85 figs.

-------- 1889. Generic position of the so called Plesiosaurus indicus. Rec. Geol. Surv. India. 22: 49-50.

McCOY, F. 1867. On the occurrence of Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus in Australia. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3 19: 335-356.

McGOWAN, C. 1991. Dinosaurs, Spitfires and Sea Dragons. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 365 pp.

MANSEL-PLEYDEL, J.C. 1888. Fossil reptiles of Dorset. Proc, Dorset Nat. Hist. Fld.9: 1-40.

-------- 1889. Cimoliasaurus richardsoni, Lydekker (n. sp.). Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. Antiq. Fld. Club Dorchester. 10: 171-179.

MARTILL, D. M. 1988. Plesiosaur Discovery. Geology Today 4:6

MARTIN, J. E. 1994. A baby plesiosaur from the late Cretaceous Pierre Shale, Fall River County, South Dakota. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14:35A abst.

-------- 1994. Gastric residues in marine reptiles from the late Cretaceous Pierre Shale in South Dakota: their bearing on extinction. ibid.

-------- KENNEDY, L. E. 1988. A plesiosaur with stomach contents from the Pierre Shale (Late Cretaceous) of South Dakota. N.D. Acad. Sci. Symp. Papers 13:12

-------- and SCHUMACHER, B.A. 1995. Polycotylus sp., a short-necked plesiosaur from the Niobrara Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of South Dakota. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15:52A abstract.

-------- and STEWART J.D. 1993. Late Cretaceous Selachians and associated marine vertebrates from the Dakota Rose Quarry, Grant County, South Dakota. Proc. S. D. Acad. Sci. 72:241-248.

MASSARE, J. A. 1983. Evolution of guilds among Mesozoic marine reptiles. PhD. dissertation (unpublished), Johns Hopkins Un., Baltimore, Maryland.

-------- 1987. Tooth morphology and prey preference of Mesozoic marine reptiles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:121-137.

-------- 1988. Swimming capabilities of Mesozoic marine reptiles: implications for methods of predation. Paleobiology 14: 2: 187-205.

-------- 1994. Swimming Capabilities of Mesozoic marine reptiles: a review. in Mechanics and Physiology of Animal Swimming. Maddock, L., Bone, Q., Rayner, J. eds. Cambridge University Press, New York. pp. 133-149.

MATTHEW, W. D. 1910. The new plesiosaur. American Museum Journal 10: 246-250, 4 pls.

MAZIN, J. M. 1987. Marine reptile groups and the Late Triassic extinctions. Mém. Société Geol. France, 150: 33-36.

MEHL, M. G. 1912. Muraenosaurus ? reedii Sp. Nov. and Tricleidus ? laramiensis Knight, American Jurassic plesiosaurs. Journal of Geology 20:344-352.

MILLER, H. W. 1955. A checklist of the Cretaceous and Tertiary vertebrates of New Jersey. Journal of Paleontology 29:903-914.

MOODIE, R. L. 1911. An embryonic plesiosaurian propodial. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 23:95-101, 9 figs, 1 plt..

-------- 1916. The structure and growth of the plesiosaurian propodial. Journal of Morphology 27:401-410, 6 fig. 1 pl.

MURRAY, P. F. 1987. Plesiosaurs from the Albian Aged Bathurst Island Formation Siltstones Near Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences. 4(1): 95-102.

NEWMAN, B. and TARLO, L. B. 1967. A giant marine reptile from Bedfordshire. Animals, 10 (2): 61-63.

NICHOLLS, E. L. 1976. The Oldest known North American occurrence of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Liassic (Lower Jurassic) Fernie Group Alberta, Canada. Can. Journal Earth Sciences 13:185-188.

-------- 1986. Cretaceous marine reptiles of Manitoba and their bearing on the vertebrate biogeography of the Western Interior Seaway. IN North Am. Pal. Conv. IV, Boulder, Colo. Marine Reptile Symp., Progr, with ab.p A33.

-------- 1987. Fossil vertebrates from the Early Campanian Pembina Member of the Pierre Shale, southern Manitoba. IN D. McNeil (Ed), Stratigraphy of the Albian to Campanian rocks in the Manitoba Escarpment, Pembina Mountain to Riding Mountain. Geol. Assoc. Can. Field Trip Guide Book 2, Saskatoon,Sk. pp 25-35.

-------- 1987. The vertebrate fauna of the Pembina Member of the Pierre Shale (Lower Campanian) of southern Manitoba. IN Soc. Vert. Paleo. Meet. Tucson, AZ.

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Courtesy of Barry Kazmer, and his Plesiosaur Paleontology Page

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