M. J. EVERHART’S MARINE REPTILE REFERENCES:
MOSASAURS, PLESIOSAURS, TURTLES AND OTHER VERTEBRATE FAUNA
Copyright by Mike Everhart Š 2001-2013
Updated 08/09/2014
|
M. J. EVERHART’S MARINE REPTILE REFERENCES:MOSASAURS, PLESIOSAURS, TURTLES AND OTHER VERTEBRATE FAUNACopyright by Mike Everhart Š 2001-2013Updated 08/09/2014 |
NEW! ePapers: Scans of older paleontology papers on the Web - For other Cretaceous fossil references, go HERE
To look up other publications about vertebrate paleontology, go to John Damuth's Bibliography of Fossil Vertebrates.
Ben Creisler's Plesiosaur Pronunciation Guide - An annotated listing of plesiosaur names - Moved to Oceans of Kansas 2012
Ben Creisler's Mosasaur Pronunciation Guide - An annotated listing of mosasaur names - Moved to Oceans of Kansas 2012
NOTE: I have copies of all of the references listed below in my library. I am always interested in acquiring additional reference material. Please contact me if you have a marine reptile article that I don't have. A special "Thank you!" to T. Lingham-Soliar for his contribution of mosasaur, plesiosaur and ichthyosaur reprints. Another big "Thank you!" to Earl Manning for his editorial assistance and contribution of many 1800s paleontology, mosasaur, plesiosaur, pteranodon, fish and bird papers, and to Dr. Robert Firestone for his expert translations of Goldfuss (1845) and von Huene (1910).
Adams, D.A. 1997. Trinacromerum bonneri, new species, last and fastest pliosaur of the Western Interior Seaway. Texas Journal of Science, 49(3):179-198.
Agassiz, L. 1849. [Sphenosaurus and Atlantochelys.] Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 4(8):169. <EM>
Almy, K.J. 1987. Thof’s dragon and the letters of Capt. Theophilus Turner, M.D., U.S. Army, Kansas History Magazine, 10(3):170-200. (Letters exchanged between Turner and E.D. Cope - Background on the discovery of Elasmosaurus platyurus, Cope’s "head on the wrong end" plesiosaur)
Andrews, C.W. 1895. Note on a skeleton of a young plesiosaur from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough. Geological Magazine, Decade IV, 2:372): 241-243, 1 pl. <SS>
Andrews, C.W. 1896. On the structure of the plesiosaurian skull. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London. 246-253.
Andrews, C.W. 1897. On the structure of the skull of a pliosaur. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 53:177-185, pl. XII.
Andrews, C.W. 1910. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford Clay - based on the Leeds collection in the BM (NH), London, part I. London: BM (NH).
Andrews, C.W. 1913. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford Clay. Based on the Leeds collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London. Part II. 4[quarto], London. xxiv + 206 pp., 73 figs., frontisp., 13 pls. (in part, C.M.)
Andrews, C.W. 1922. Description of a new plesiosaur from the Weald Clay of Berwick (Sussex). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London; 78(3): 285-298, pl. XIV-XV.
Anonymous [Marsh, O.C.]. 1872. On two
new Ornithosaurians from Kansas. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 3(17):374-375.
Anonymous. 1880. Obituary for Professor B. F. Mudge, American Journal of Science 3:82.
Anonymous. 1881. Sketch of Edward D. Cope. Popular Science Monthly 19(1):110-113, with portrait.
Anonymous. 1888. A Cretaceous bird-track. American Naturalist, 22(253):55. (includes the original 1887 bird track article by Prof. F. H. Snow)
Anonymous. 1891. Professor [D. W.] Thompson on the systematic position of Hesperornis. Auk 8(3): 304-305.
Anonymous. 1899. Sketch of George M. Sternberg. Popular Science Monthly 41(1):116-121, with portrait.
Anonymous. 1934. The South Dakota plesiosaur skeleton. Science (n. s.) 80(suppl.)2084:12.
Arbour,
V. M. and Currie, P.J.(2011. An istiodactylid pterosaur from the Upper
Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, Hornby Island, British Columbia,
Arbour, V.M. and Currie, P.J. 2011. Corrigendum: an istiodactylid pterosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, Hornby Island, British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48:778.
Bailey, V. 1923. Maximilian's travels in the interior of North America; 1832 to 1834. Natural History 23(4):337-343.
Baird, D. 1967. Age of fossil birds from the Greensands of New Jersey. Auk 84(2): 260-262
Baird, D. 1978. Pneumatoarthrus Cope, 1870, not a dinosaur but a sea-turtle. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 129(4):71-81.
Baird, D. 1984. No ichthyosaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of New Jersey... or Saskatchewan. The Mosasaur 2:129-133.
Baird, D. 1984. Evidence of giant protostegid sea-turtles in the Cretaceous of New Jersey. The Mosasaur 2:135-140.
Baird, D. 1986. Halisaurus and Prognathodon, Two uncommon mosasaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of New Jersey, The Mosasaur, 3:37-45.
Baird, D. 1986. A skull fragment of the Cretaceous cheloniid turtleOsteopygis from Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, The Mosasaur, 3:47-52.
Baird, D. 1986. Upper Cretaceous reptiles from the Severn Formation of Maryland, The Mosasaur, 3:63-85.
Baird, D. and G. R. Case, 1966. Rare marine reptiles from the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Journal of Paleontology 40(5)1211-1215.
Baird, D. and P. M. Dalton, 1981. Pterosaur bones from the Upper Cretaceous of Delaware. Journal of Paleontology 1(1):67-71.
Baker, A. A. 1956.The swallowing of stones by animals. The Victorian Naturalist 73(6):82-95. <OW>
Bakker, R. T., 1986. The dinosaur heresies, William Morrow and Company, Inc., 482 pages. (see Chapter 21 on marine reptiles)
Bakker, R.T. 1993. Plesiosaur extinction cycles - Events that mark the beginning, middle and end of the Cretaceous. pp. 641-664, In Caldwell, W. G. E. and Kaufmann, E.G. (eds.), Evolution of the Western Interior Basin, Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 39.
Bakker, R.T. 1993. Jurassic sea monsters. Discover, 14(9):78-85.
Ballou, W.H., 1897. Strange creatures of the past: Gigantic saurians of the reptilian age. Century Magazine (n. s.) 55(1)15-23.
Ballou, W.H. 1898. The serpentlike sea saurians. Popular Science Monthly. 53:209-225, 2pls. (June issue)
Barck, A. 1992. Paleontology of the Glen Rose Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Hood County, Texas. Texas Journal of Science 44(1):3-24.
Bardack,
D. 1962. A review of the fossil birds of
Bardack, D. 1968. Fossil vertebrates from the marine Cretaceous of Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 5:145-153.
Bardet,
N. 2012. The Mosasaur collections of the Museum national dhistoire naturelle
of Paris. Bardet,
N. (ed.), Troisičme
congrčs sur les Mosasaures,
MNHN, Paris. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(1):35-53.
Bardet, N. Cappetta, H., Suberbiola, X. P., Mouty, M., Al Maleh, A. K., Khrata, O., and Gannoum, N. 2000. The marine vertebrate faunas of the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Syria. Geological Magazine 137(3):269-290.
Bardet, N. J., C. Corral and X. P. Suberbiola. 1997. Les mosasaures (Squamata) du Crétecé Supérieur du bassin Basco-Cantabrique. Geobios 20:19-26.
Bardet, N., Fernández, M., García-Ramos, X.C. Suberbiola, X.P., Pińuela. L., Ruiz-Omeńaca, J.I., and Vincent, P. 2008. A juvenile plesiosaur from the Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) of Asturias, Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(1): 258-263.
Bardet, N., P. Godefroit and J. Sciau, 1999. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the lower Jurassic of southern France. Palaeontology 42(5):927-952, 4 pls.
Bardet, N. and J.W.M. Jagt. 1996. Mosasaurus hoffmani, le "Grand animal fossile des Carrieres de Maestricht": deux sicles d’histoire, Bulletin de Museum d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 4th Series, 18, Section C, No. 4, pp. 569-593. (in French, with a nice series of plates of the first discovered mosasaur)
Bardet, N., J.W.M. Jagt, M.M.M. Kuypers, and R. W. Dortangs. 1998. Shark tooth marks on a vertebra of the mosasaur Plioplatecarpus marshi from the Late Maastrichtian of Belgium. Publicaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg 41(1): 52-55.
Bardet, N. and X.P. Suberbiola. 2001. The basal mosasaurid Halisaurus sternbergii from the Late Cretaceous of Kansas (North America): a review of the Uppsala type specimen. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 332:395-402.<NB>
Bardet N. and X.P. Suberbiola. 2002. Marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous Phosphates of Jordan: palaeobiogeographical implications Geodiversitas 24(4):831-839.
Bardet N., X.P. Suberbiola, M. Iarochene, F. Bouyahyaoui, B. Bouya, and M. Amaghzaz. 2004. Mosasaurus beaugei Arambourg, 1952 (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco. Geobios (in press)
Bardet N., X. P. Suberbiola, M. Iarochene, F. Bouyahyaoui, B. Bouya, and M. Amaghzaz. 2005. A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143: 447-472.
Bardet N., X.P. Suberbiola and N-E Jalil. 2003. A new polycotylid plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Morocco. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2(5):307-315.
Bardet N., X.P. Suberbiola and N-E Jalil. 2003. A new mosasauroid (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Morocco. Comptes Rendus Palevol 2(8):607-616.
Bardet, N., Pereda Suberbiola, X., Iarochčne, M., Amalik M., and Bouya, B. 2005. Durophagous Mosasauridae (Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, with description of a new species of Globidens. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 167-176.
Bardet, N., Pereda Suberbiola, X., Schulp, A.S., and Bouya B. 2008. New material of Carinodens (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) phosphates of Morocco. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 29-36.
Bardet, N., Pereda Suberboila, X., Corral,
J.-C., Baceta, J.I., Torres, J.Á.,
Botanz, B. and Martin, G. 2012. A skull fragment of the mosasaurid Prognathodon cf. sectoriusfrom the Late Cretaceous of Navarre
(Basque-Cantabrian region). in Bardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme congrčs sur les Mosasaures, MNHN, Paris. Bulletin
de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):117-121.
Bardet, N. and C. Tunoglu, 2002. The first mosasaur (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of Turkey. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(3):712-715. <NB>
Baur, G. 1890. On the characters and systematic position of the large sea-lizards, Mosasauridae. Science 16(405):262.
Baur, G., 1890. A review of the charges against the Paleontological Department of the U. S. Geological Survey, and of the defence made by Prof. O. C. Marsh. American Naturalist 24(279):298-304. (Mar., 1890 issue, published April 3, 1890)
Baur, G., 1892. On the morphology of the skull of the Mosasauridae, Journal of Morphology, 7(1):1-22, 2 plates.
Baur, G., 1895. Cope on the temporal part of the skull, and on the systematic position of the Mosasauridae. American Naturalist 29(347):999-1002.
Baur, G. 1896. Ueber die Morphologie des Unterkiefers der
Reptilien. Anatomischer Anzeiger 11:410-415.
Baur, G. 1896. Bemerkungen über die Phylogenie der Schildkröten. Anatomischer Anzeiger 12:561-570.
Beamon, J.C. 1999. Depositional environment and fossil biota of a thin clastic unit of the Kiowa Formation, Lower Cretaceous (Albian), McPherson County, Kansas. Unpublished MS Thesis, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS, 97 p.
Beard, J.C., 1901. Something about ancient American Saurians. Scientific American. 85:267. (issue of October 26)
Beard, J.C. 1908. Some Ancient American
Giants. The Outing Magazine 51:739-744 (Oct. 1907-Mar. 1908).
Beecher, C.E. 1900. On a large slab
of Uintacrinusfrom Kansas. American Journal Science 9(52):267-268, 2 pl. (Specimen at
Bell, A. and Everhart, M.J. 2009. A new specimen of Parahesperornis (Aves: Hesperornithiformes) from the Smoky Hill Chalk (Early Campanian) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 112(1/2):7-14.
Bell, B.A., P.A. Murry and L. W. Osten. 1982. ConiasaurusOwen, 1850 from North America. Journal of Paleontology 56(2):520-524.
Bell, G.L., Jr. 1985. Vertebrate faunal zones in the Upper Cretaceous of west central Alabama. Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society American 17(2):80.
Bell, G.L., Jr. 1993, A phylogenetic revision of Mosasauroidea, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, 293 pages.
Bell, G.L., Jr. 1994. A phylogenetic revision of mosasauridae and related taxa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to 3):17A.
Bell, G.L., Jr. 1995. Middle Turonian (Cretaceous) mosasauroids from Big Bend National Park, Texas, In Santucci V. L. and McClelland, L., eds., National Park Service Paleontological Research; U. S. Department of the Interior Technical Report NPS/NRPO/NRTR-95/16, p. 34-39.
Bell, G.L. Jr. 1997. Part IV: Mosasauridae - Introduction. pp. 281-292 InCallaway J. M. and E. L Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, 501 pages.
Bell, G.L. Jr. 1997. A phylogenetic revision of North American and Adriatic Mosasauroidea. pp. 293-332 In Callaway J. M. and E. L Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, 501 pages.
Bell, G.L. Jr., and J. E. Martin. 1995. Direct evidence of aggressive intraspecific competition in Mosasaurus conodon (Mosasauridae: Squamata). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to 3):18A.
Bell, G.L. Jr., J. E. Martin, D. C. Parris and B. S. Grandstaff. 1994. Mosasaurus dekayi in the upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) marine deposits of South Dakota and New Jersey. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to 3):17A.
Bell, G.L. Jr. and M. J. Polcyn, 1995. A new basal mosasauroid from the Arcadia Park Member of the Eagle Ford Shale (Late Middle Turonian) near Dallas, Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to 3):18A.
Bell, G.L. Jr. and M. J. Polcyn, 1996. Distribution of the lizard, Coniasaurus, in the western interior Cretaceous seaway and its paleoecological implications. GSA RM Sect. Ann. Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, 28(4):2.
Bell, G.L. Jr. and M. J. Polcyn. 2004. Polyphyly of Mosasauridae: The growing body of evidence. Abstract book and field guide of the First Mosasaur Meeting, Schulp, A. S. and John W. M. Jagt (eds.), Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, the Netherlands, pp. 15 (Abstract).
Bell, G.L. Jr. and Polcyn, M.J. 2005. Dallasaurus turneri, a new primitive mosasauroid from the Middle Turonian of Texas and comments on the phylogeny of Mosasauridae (Squamata). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 177-194.
Bell, G.L. Jr., J. F. Sawyer and J. E. Martin, 1996. New records of vertebrate occurrences in Carlile Shale (Turonian) of southwestern South Dakota. GSA RM Sect. Ann. Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, 28(4):2.
Bell, G.L. Jr., and M. A. Sheldon, 1986. Description of a very young mosasaur from Greene County, Alabama, Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science, Vol. 57, No. 2, pages 76-82.
Bell, G.L. Jr. and A. M. Sheldon. 2004. A gravid mosasaur (Plioplatecarpus) from South Dakota. Abstract book and field guide of the First Mosasaur Meeting, Schulp, A. S. and John W. M. Jagt (eds.), Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, the Netherlands, pp. 16 (Abstract).
Bell, G.L. Jr., M. A. Sheldon, J. P. Lamb and J. E. Martin, 1996. The first direct evidence of live birth in Mosasauridae (Squamata): Exceptional preservation in Cretaceous Pierre Shale of South Dakota. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(suppl. to 3):21A.
Bell, G.L. Jr., and J. P. VonLoh. 1998. New records of Turonian mosasauroids from the western United States. Fossil vertebrates of the Niobrara Formation in South Dakota, Dakoterra 5:15-28.
Bennett, S.C. 1987. New evidence on the tail of pterosaur Pteranodon (Archosauria: Pterosauria). 3:12-17. In Currie, P. M. and E. H. Koster (eds.), Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Occasional Paper of the Tyrrell Museum Palaeontology
Bennett, S.C. 1992. Sexual dimorphism of Pteranodon and other pterosaurs, with comments on cranial crests. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 p. 422-434.
Bennett, S.C.1993. The ontogeny of Pteranodon and other pterosaurs. Paleobiology 19(1):92-106.
Bennett, S.C. 1994. Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaurPteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea). Occasional Papers of the Natural. History Museum, University of Kansas. 169:1-70.
Bennett ,
Bennett ,
Bennett, S.C. 2000. Inferring Stratigraphic Position of Fossil Vertebrates from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. KansasGeological Survey, Current Research in Earth Sciences, Bulletin 244, part 1. Photos are here
Bennett, S. C. 2000. Pterosaur flight: the role of actinofibrils in wing function. Historical Biology, 14:255-284.
Bennett, S.C. 2000. New information on the skeletons of Nyctosaurus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(Supplement to Number 3):29A.
Bennett, S.C. 2001. The osteology and functional morphology of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon. Part I. General description of osteology. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 260:1-112.
Bennett, S.C. 2001. The osteology and functional morphology of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon. Part II. Functional morphology. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 260:113-153.
Bennett, S.C. 2002. Soft tissue preservation of the cranial crest of the pterosaur Germanodactylus from Solnhofen. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(1):43-48. <SCB>
Bennett, S.C. 2003. A survey of pathologies of large pterydactyloid pterosaurs. Palaeontology, 46(1):185-198.
Bennett, S.C. 2003. New crested specimens of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Nyctosaurus. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 77:61-75. SEE PHOTOS HERE
Bennett ,
Bernard,
A., Lécuyer, C., Vincent, P., Amiot, R., Bardet, N., Buffetaut, E., Cuny, G.,
Fourel, F., Martineau, F., Mazin, J-M. and Prieur, A. 2010. Regulation of body
temperature by some Mesozoic marine reptiles. Science 328:1379-1382.
Bird, R. T. 1985. Bones for Barnum Brown: Adventures of a dinosaur hunter. Texas Christian University Press, Fort Worth, TX, 225 pp. (Gastroliths)
Bonner, O. W., 1964. An osteological study of Nyctosaurus and Trinacromerumwith a description of a new species of Nyctosaurus, Unpub. Masters Thesis, Fort Hays State University, 63 pages.
Borderip, W.J. 1848. Sea dragons, pp.
339-350 in Zoological Recreations. Henry Colburn,
Brinkman, D. B., Z. Xijin, and E. L. Nicholls, 1992. A primitive ichthyosaur from the lower Triassic of British Columbia, Canada. Palaeontology 35(2):465-474.
Brinkman, D., Hart, M., Jamniczky, H., and Colbert, M. 2006. Nicholisemys baieri gen. et sp. nov, a primitive chelonioid turtle from the late Campanian of North America. Paludicola 5(4):111-124.
Brower, J.C. 1983. The aerodynamics of Pteranodonand Nyctosaurus, two large pterosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3(2):84-124.
Bryan, J. R., 1992. Origin and paleoecology of Maastrichtian rockground and chalk facies in south central Alabama. Palaios 7(1):67-76.
Bryant, L. J. 1983. Hesperornis in Alaska. PaleoBios 40:1-8.
Brower, J. C. 1983. The aerodynamics of Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus,two large pterosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3(2):84-124.
Brown, B., 1904. Stomach stones and the food of plesiosaurs. Science, 20(501):184-185.
Brown, B., 1907. Gastroliths, Science, (N. S.) 25(636):392.
Brown, B., 1913. A new plesiosaur, Leurospondylus, from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 32, Art. XL, pp. 605-615.
Brown, B. 1943. Flying reptiles. Natural History. 52:104-111.
Brown, G.W. 1978. Preliminary report on an articulated specimen of Pteranodon (Nyctosaurus) gracilis (abstr.). Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Proceedings 88:39.
Brown, G.W. 1986. Reassessment of Nyctosaurus; new wings for an old pterosaur (abstr.). Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Proceedings 96:47
Brown, D. S. and A. R. I. Cruickshank, 1994. The skull of the Callovan plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus and the Sauropterygian cheek. Palaeontology, 37(4):941-953.
Bryan, J. R., D. L. Frederick, D. R. Schwimmer, and W. G. Siese 1991. First dinosaur record from Tennessee: A Campanian hadrosaur. Journal of Paleontology. 65:696-697. (remains from marine sediments).
Buchanan, R. C. (ed.), 1984. Kansas geology: An introduction to landscapes, rocks, minerals and fossils. University Press of Kansas. 208 pp.
Buchanan, R. C. and J. R. McCauley, 1987. Roadside Kansas; A traveler's guide to its geology and landmarks. University Press of Kansas. 365 pp.
Buchy, M-C, 2004. Plesiosaurs (Reptilia-Sauropterygia) from the Braunjura ß (Middle Jurassic; late Aalenian) of southern Germany. Carolinea 62: 51-62
Buchy, M-C, Frey, E., Stinnesbeck, W. Lopez-Oliva, J. G. 2003. First occurrence of a gigantic pliosaurid plesiosaur in the late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Mexico. Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., 174(3):271-278.
Buchy, M-C, F. Métayer and E. Frey. 2005. Osteology of Manemergus anguirostrisn. gen et sp., a new plesiosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco. Palaeontographica 272 (5-6): 97-120.
Buchy, M.-C., Smith, K.T., Frey, E., Stinnesbeck, W., González González, A.H., Ifrim, C., López-Oliva, J.G. and Porras-Muzquiz, H. 2005. Annotated catalogue of marine squamates (Reptilia) from the Upper Cretaceous of northeastern Mexico. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 195-206.
Buchy, M-C, P. Taugourdeau and P. Janvier. 2004. Stomach contents of a lower Triassic ichthyosaur from Spitsbergen. Oryctos 5: 47-55.
Buckland, W. 1829. On the discovery of a new species of Pterodactyle in the Lias at Lyme Regis. Transactions of the Geological Society of London, Series 2, 3:217-222.
Buckland, W., 1830. Letter from the Rev. Dr. W. Buckland, F. R. S. &c. Professor of Mineralology and Geology in the University of Oxford, on the discovery of coprolites in North America. Philosophical Magazine, New Series, 7(41):321-323, 1 text fig. (for May; see DeKay 1830)
Buffetaute, E. and Bardet, N. 2012. The
mosasaurid (Squamata) Prognathodonin the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous)
of the Cotentin Peninsula (Normandy, northwestern France). inBardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme
congrčs sur les Mosasaures,
MNHN, Paris. Bulletin
de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):111-115.
Bühler, P., L. D. Martin and L. M. Witmer., 1988. Cranial kinesis in the Late Cretaceous birds Hesperornis and Parahesperornis. Auk 105 p. 111-122.
Bukowski, F., 1983. Halisaurus platyspondylus -- The third reported occurrence of this mosasaur in New Jersey, The Mosasaur, 1:119-121.
Bullard,
T.S. and Caldwell, M.W. 2010. Redescription and rediagnosis of the tylosaurine
mosasaur Hainosaurus pembinensis Nicholls, 1988, as Tylosaurus pembinensis
(Nicholls). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(2):416-426.
Burnell,
A., Collins, S. and Young, B.A. 2012. Vertebral morphometrics in Varanus.in Bardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme congrčs sur les Mosasaures, MNHN, Paris. Bulletin
de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):151-158.
Burnham, D. A., 1991. A new mosasaur from the Upper Demopolis Formation of Sumter County, Alabama, Masters Thesis, University of New Orleans, 63 pages.
Burnham, D. A., 1992. A new species of Plioplatecarpus (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale Formation (Campanian) of Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12(suppl. to 3):20A.
Caldwell, M. W., 1996. Ontogeny and phylogeny of the mesopodial skeleton in mosasauroid reptiles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 116:407-436, 15 fig.
Caldwell, M. W., 1997. Limb osteology and ossification patterns in Cryptoclidus(Reptilia: Plesiosauroidea) with a review of sauropterygian limbs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(2):295-307.
Caldwell, M. W., 1997. Modified perichondral ossification and the evolution of paddle-like limbs in ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(3):534-547.
Caldwell, M. W., 1999. Squamate phylogeny and the relationships of snakes and mosasaurids, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 125:115-147, with 7 figures.
Caldwell, M. W., 2000. On the aquatic squamate Dolichosaurus longicollisOwen, 1850 (Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous), and the evolution of elongate necks in squamates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(4):720-735.
Caldwell, M. W., 2002. From fins to limbs to fins: Limb evolution in fossil marine reptiles. American Journal of Medical Genetics 112:236-249.
Caldwell, M. W., 2003. "Without a leg to stand on": on the evolution and development of axial elongation and limblessness in tetrapods. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 40:573-588.
Caldwell,
M.W. 2012. In Memorium: Dr. Joan Wiffen (1922-2009). in Bardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme congrčs sur les Mosasaures, MNHN, Paris. Bulletin
de la Société Géologique de France 183(1):5-6.
Caldwell, M. W. and G. L. Bell Jr., 1995. Halisaurus sp. (Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous (?Santonian) of east-central Peru, and the taxonomic utility of mosasaur cervical vertebrae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15(3):532-544.
Caldwell, M.W., and G. L. Bell, Jr. 2005. Of German princes and North American rivers: Harlan's lost mosasaur snout rediscovered. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 207-211.
Caldwell, M.W., L. A. Budney, and D. O. Lamoureux. 2003. Histology of tooth attachment tissues in the Late Cretaceous mosasaurid Platecarpus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23(3)622-630.
Caldwell, M.W. and C. G. Diedrich. 2005. Remains of Clidastes Cope, 1868, an unexpected mosasaur in the upper Campanian of NW Germany. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 213-220.
Caldwell, M. W., R. Holmes, G. L. Bell, Jr. and J. Wiffen. 2005. An unusual tylosaurine mosasaur from New Zealand: a new skull of Taniwhasaurus oweni (Lower Haumurian: Upper Cretaceous). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(2): 393-401.
Caldwell, M.W., Konishi, T., Obata, I. and Muramoto, K. 2008. A new species Of Taniwhasaurus(Mosasauridae, Tylosaurinae) From the Upper Santonian-Lower Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(2):339-348.
Caldwell, M. W. and M. S. Y. Lee. 2001. Live birth in Cretaceous marine lizards (mosasauroids). Proceedings: Biological Sciences 268(1484):2397-2401.
Caldwell, M. W. and M. S. Y. Lee. 2004. Reevaluation of the Cretaceous marine lizard Acteosaurus crassicostatus Calligaris, 1993. Journal of Paleontology 78(3):617-619.
Callison, G., 1967. Intracranial mobility in Kansas mosasaurs, The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions - Paper 26, 15 pages.
Calloway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls (eds.). 1997. Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, 501 pages.
Camp, C. L., 1942. California Mosasaurs, University of California Press, 67 pages.
Camp, C. L., 1981. Child of the rocks - The story of the Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Special Publication 5, 36 pp.
Campbell, C., 2001. "Tails of Hoffmanni": Mosasaur fossils in the tsunami deposit at K/T boundary of southeast Missouri. (Abstract) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(suppl. to 3):37A.
Campbell, C., 2002. Microtectite clasts in tsunami deposit at K/T Boundary of southeast Missouri. (Abstract) GSA Meeting, Denver, Oct., 2002. (Mosasaurus hoffmanni vertebrae and tooth also found)
Camper, P. 1786.
Conjectures relative to the petrifications found in
Camper, A.G. 1812. Mémoire sur
quelques parties moins connues du squelette des saurians fossiles de Maëstricht.
Annales du Muséum dHistorie Naturelle 19:215-241.
Cannon, G. L. 1906. Sauropodan Gastroliths. Science. N. S. 24(604):116. (Issue of July 27, 1906) <EM>
Carpenter, K. 1990. Upward continuity of the Niobrara fauna with the Pierre Shale fauna. pp. 73-81, In S. C. Bennett, (ed.), Niobrara Chalk Excursion Guidebook, The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History and the Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 90-60.
Carpenter, K. 1994. Comparative cranial anatomy of two North American plesiosaurs (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) and a Review of Some North American Elasmosaurs, unpublished draft. <KC>
Carpenter, K. 1994. Comparative cranial anatomy of two North American Cretaceous plesiosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to 3):19A.
Carpenter, K. 1994. A review of some short-necked plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous of North America, unpublished draft.
Carpenter, K. 1996. Sharon Springs Member, Pierre Shale (Lower Campanian) depositional environment and origin of its vertebrate fauna, with a review of North American plesiosaurs. Unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado, 251 pp.
Carpenter, K. 1996. A Review of short-necked plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous of the western interior, North America. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlungen (Stuttgart) 201(2):259-287.
Carpenter, K. 1997. Comparative cranial anatomy of two North American Cretaceous plesiosaurs. pp. 191-216, In Calloway J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds,), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Carpenter, K., 1999. Revision of North American elasmosaurs from the Cretaceous of the western interior. Paludicola, 2(2):148-173.
Carpenter, K. 2003. Vertebrate Biostratigraphy of the Smoky Hill Chalk (Niobrara Formation) and the Sharon Springs Member (Pierre Shale). pp. 421-437 In Harries, P. J. (Ed.), Approaches in High-Resolution Stratigraphic Paleontology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
Carpenter, K. 2006. Comparative vertebrate taphonomy of the Pembina and Sharon Springs members (Middle Campanian) of the Pierre Shale, Western Interior. Paludicola 5(4), p. 125-149. <KC>
Carpenter, K., D. Dilkes, and D.B. Weishampel, 1995. The dinosaurs of the Niobrara Chalk Formation (upper Cretaceous, Kansas), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(2):275-297.
Carpenter, K. and Everhart, M.J. 2007. Skull of the ankylosaur Niobrarasaurus coleii (Ankylosauria: Nodosauridae) from the Smoky Hill Chalk (Coniacian) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 110(1/2): 1-9.
Carpenter, K., Sanders, F., Reed, B., Reed, J.
and Larson P. 2010. Plesiosaur swimming as interpreted from skeletal analysis
and experimental results.
Carpenter, S., 1995. The discovery of a Wiltshire pliosaur. Geology Today. 11:6-7. (Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Owen)
Carrino,
M.H. 2007. Taxonomic comparison and stratigraphic distribution of Toxochelys(Testudines: Cheloniidae) of
Carroll, R.L., 1981. Plesiosaur ancestors from the upper Permian of Madagascar. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, Series B. 293(1066):315-383.
Carroll, R.L., 1985. Evolutionary constraints in aquatic diapsid reptiles. Pages 145-155 in Cope, J. C. W. and P. W. Skelton, eds., Evolutionary case histories from the fossil record, Special Papers in Palćontology. 33:202 pp. London, England: The Palćontological Association.
Carroll, R.L., 1997. Mesozoic marine reptiles as models of long-term, large-scale evolutionary phenomena. pp. 467-489, In Callaway J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, eds., Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Carroll, R.L. and M. Debraga., 1992. Aigialosaurs: Mid-Cretaceous varanid lizards, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12(1):66-86.
Carroll, R.L. and P. Gaskill. 1985. The nothosaur Pachypleurosaurusand the origin of plesiosaurs. Transactions Royal Society of London, Series B 309:343-393.
Carvalho, L.B., S. A. Azvedo and V. G. Silva, 1995. Maastrichtian mosasaur remains from northeast Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to 3):22A.
Carvalho, L.B. and S.A.K. Azvedo. 1998. Proposta taxonomica para os repteis marinhos (Lepidosauria, Mosasauridae) do Neocretaceo da Bacia Pernambuco-Paraiba, Nordeste do Brasil, Geologia, No. 43 (Boletim do Museu Nacional), 14 pages. (Portuguese)
Case, E.C. 1898. Toxochelys. The University Geological Survey of Kansas, Part IV. 4:370-385. pls. 79-84.
Case, E. C., 1898. The development and geological relation of the vertebrates. Part III: Reptilia. Journal Geological 6:711-736 (Reptilia).
Case, J. A., 1995. Biostratigraphic patterns of Antarctic marine vertebrates across the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to 3):22A.
Case, J. A., J. E. Martin, D. S. Chaney, M. Reguero, S. A. Marenssi, S. M. Santillana, M. O. Woodburne, 2000. The first duck-billed dinosaur (Family Hadrosauridae) from Antarctica. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(3):612–614. (Includes five taxa of marine reptiles)
Chambers, R., 1845. Vestiges of the natural history of creation. Wiley and Putnam, New York, vi + 353 p. (3rd edition). Note reference to plesiosaurs having "a turtle-like body" and "a long, serpent-like neck", p. 72)
Chatterjee, S. and B. J. Small. 1989. New Plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica. pp. 197-215 In Crame, J. A. Origins and evolution of the Antarctic biota. London, 322. pp.
Chatterjee, S. and W. J. Zinsmeister, 1982. Late Cretaceous marine vertebrates from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctic Journal, 17(5):66.
Chatterjee, S., B. J. Small and M. W. Nickell, 1984. Late Cretaceous marine reptiles from Antarctica, Antarctic Journal of the United States, 1984 Review, pp. 7-8.
Chiappe, L.M. 2002. Basal bird
phylogeny: problems and solutions. pp. 448-472 in Chiappe, L.M. and Witmer, L.M.
(eds.), Mesozoic Birds: above the heads of
dinosaurs.
Chinsamy, A., L. D. Martin and P. Dodson, 1998. Bone microstructure of the diving Hesperornis and the volant Ichthyornis from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. Cretaceous Research 19:225-235.
Chinsamy, A. Tuno_Lu,
C. and Thomas, D.B. 2012. Dental microstructure and geochemistry of Mosasaurus hoffmanni (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late
Cretaceous of Turkey. in Bardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme congrčs sur les Mosasaures, MNHN, Paris. Bulletin
de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):82-92.
Christiansen, P. and N. Bonde, 2002. A new species of gigantic mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous of Israel. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(3):629-644.
Cicimurri, D. J., G. L. Bell, Jr., and P. W. Stoffer, 1999. Vertebrate paleontology of the Pierre Shale and Fox Hills formations (Late Campanian-Late Maastrichtian) of Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Fourth National Park Service Paleontological Research Volume, NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-99/3, p. 1-7.
Cicimurri, D. J. and M. J. Everhart, 2001. An elasmosaur with stomach contents and gastroliths from the Pierre Shale (late Cretaceous) of Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 104(3-4):129-143.
Clarke, J., and S. Etches, 1991. Predation amongst Jurassic marine reptiles. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 113:202-205.
Clarke, J. A. 2004. Morphology, phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornisand Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 286: 1-179.
Claessens, L. P. A. M., O’Connor, P.M., and Unwin, D. M. 2009. Respiratory evolution facilitated the origin of pterosaur flight and aerial gigantism. PLoS ONE 4(2): 1-8. (AVAILABLE ONLINE)
Cohn, M. J. and C. Tickle, 1999. Developmental basis of limblessness and axial patterning in snakes, Nature, 399:474-479.
Colbert, E. H., 1949. A new Cretaceous plesiosaur from Venezuela, American Museum Novitates, Number 1420, 22 pages.
Cole, V. B. 2007. Field notes regarding the 1930 discovery of the type specimen of Niobrarasaurus coleii, Gove County, Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 110(1/2): 132-134.
Colegande, J. and L. Felder, 2000. In the presence of dinosaurs. Time Life Books, Alexandria
Conybeare, W. D., 1824. On the Discovery of an almost perfect skeleton of the Plesiosaurus.Transactions Geological Society London, 2nd Series 1:381-389, Pl. XLIX. (Read on the Web or download a .pdf version of this and other old plesiosaur papers at Richard Forrest's Plesiosaur.com )
Cope,
E.D. 1866. [Communication in regard to the Mesozoic sandstone of
Cope, E. D., 1868. Note on the fossil reptiles, near Fort Wallace, page 68 inLeConte, J. L., 1868. Notes on the geology of the survey for the extension of the Union Pacific Railway, E. D., from the Smoky Hill River, Kansas, to the Rio Grande. Review Printing House, Philadelphia, 76 p. with folded map.
Cope, E. D., 1868. The fossil reptiles of New Jersey. The American Naturalist, 1:23-30.
Cope, E. D., 1868. Remarks on a new enaliosaurian, Elasmosaurus platyurus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20:92-93. (for meeting of March 24, 1868)
Cope, E. D., 1868. (on new species of extinct reptiles). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20:181. (for meeting of July 14, 1868.
Cope, E. D., 1868. On a new large enaliosaur. American Journal of Science Series 2, 46(137):263-264. (September)
Cope, E. D., 1868. On the genus Laelaps. American Journal of Science Series 2, 46(138):415-417. (September)
Cope, E. D., 1868. On some Cretaceous reptilia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20:233-242. (for meeting of Oct. 27, 1868)
Cope, E. D., 1869. [Remarks on extinct reptiles]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20:313. (Meeting of Dec. 15, 1968, published Feb. 1869)
Cope, E. D., 1869. (A resolution thanking Dr. Theophilus Turner for his donation of the skeleton of Elasmosaurus platyurus). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20:314. (Meeting of December 15, 1868)
Cope, E. D., 1869. Specimens of extinct reptiles. Nature 1:121-122.
Cope, E. D., 1869 [On Cretaceous reptiles of North America]. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11(81):16. (meeting of Feb. 19, 1869)
Cope, E. D., 1869. [Remarks on Holops brevispinus, Ornithotarsus immanis, and Macrosaurus proriger.] Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 11(81):123 (meeting of June 1, 1869)
Cope, E. D., 1869. [Report of the June 1, 1869 meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia - Cope report on Cretaceous reptiles of New Jersey]. Nature, 1:121-122. (reprint of above)
Cope, E. D., 1869. [Remarks on fossil reptiles, Clidastes propython, Polycotylus latipinnis, Ornithotarsus immanis.]. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society xi p. 117. (meeting of June 18, 1869)
Cope, E. D., 1869. Synopsis of the Extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America, Part I. Transactions American Philadelphia Society New Series, 14:1-235, 51 figs., 11 pls. (pre-print dated August, 1869) <GS>
Cope, E. D., 1869. On some reptilian remains. American Journal of Science, 2nd Series 48(143):278. (reprint of above article)
Cope, E. D., 1869. [Cretaceous reptiles of New Jersey and Kansas]. Nature (London) 1:121-122, issue of Nov. 25, 1869. (Report of a June 1, 1869 talk at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia)
Cope, E. D., 1869. On the reptilian orders Pythonomorpha and Streptosauria. Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History XII 250-266.
Cope, E.D. 1869. On some species of Pythonomorpha from the Cretaceous Beds of Kansas and New Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society xi p. 574-584. (meeting of Dec. 18, 1869)
Cope, E. D. 1870. On Elasmosaurus platyurusCope. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 50(148):140-141. (for July)
Cope, E. D. 1870. Additional note on Elasmosaurus.American Journal of Science, Series 2, 50(149):268-269. (for September)
Cope, E. D. 1870. The fossil reptiles of New Jersey. The American Naturalist, 3:84-91. [includes a "head on the wrong end" figure of Elasmosaurus platyurus]
Cope, E. D. 1870. [A joint in the jaw of mosasaurs]. (A brief comment in the Geology section) American Naturalist 3(1):55.
Cope, E. D. 1870*. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America. Transactions American Philosophical Society, (n. s.) 14:1-252 + i-viii, 55 figs., 14 pl. (*Revision of Cope, 1869, same title, with publication dated listed as August, 1869, published after March, 1870) <GS>
Cope, E. D. 1870. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America. Transactions American Philosophical Society, (n. s.) 14:1-252 + i-viii, 55 figs., 14 pl.
Cope,
E. D. 1870. Rhabopelix longispinis,
Cope., pp. 169-175 in Synopsis of
the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of
Cope, E. D. 1870. On some Reptilia of the Cretaceous formation of the United
States. Proceedings American Philosophical Society 11(83):271-274.
Cope, E. D. 1870. Observations on the Reptilia of the Triassic formations of the Atlantic
regions of the United States. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
11(84):444-446. (includes the description of Pneumatoarthrus peloreus, senior
synonym of Archelon, Wieland 1896)
Cope, E. D. 1870. [Statements communicated regarding Liodon perlatus].
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11(84):496-498.
Cope, E. D. 1870. [Notes on mosasaurs of New Jersey, New Mexico and Kansas]. Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Society, 11(85):571-572.
Cope, E. D. 1870. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America. Transactions American Philosophical Society, (n. s.) 14:1-252 + i-viii, 55 figs., 14 pl. (Part I only.)
Cope, E. D. 1870. Remarks on fossil
reptiles from the Cretaceous of Kansas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, p. 132. (Polycotylus latipinnis)
Cope, E. D. 1871. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America. Transactions American Philosophical Society, (n. s.) 14:1-252 + i-viii, 55 figs., 14 pl. (Part I, the final publication of volume 14, with the addition of Parts II-V )
Cope, E. D. 1871. On the homologies of some of the cranial bones of the reptilia, and on the systematic arrangement of the class. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 19th meeting, Troy, NY, 1870: 194-247.
Cope, E. D., 1871. On some species of Pythonomorpha from the Cretaceous beds of Kansas and New Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11(85):574-584.
Cope, E. D., 1871. suppl. to the "Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(86):41-52. (for Mar. 3, 1871 meeting)
Cope, E. D., 1871. [Reptiles from the Cretaceous beds of Kansas]. Nature (London), 3:499, issue of April 20, 1871. (Report of Dec. 6, 1870 talk at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia)
Cope, E. D., 1871. On the fossil reptiles and fishes of the Cretaceous rocks of Kansas. Art. 6, pp. 385-424 (no figs.) of Pt. 4, Special Reports, 4th Ann. Rpt., U.S. Geological Survey Territories (Hayden), 511 p. (Cope names Portheus molossus, which was pre-empted by Xiphactinus audax Leidy 1870).
Cope, E. D., 1872. Note of some Cretaceous vertebrata in the State Agricultural College of Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(87):168-170. (for Oct. 20, 1871 meeting)
Cope, E. D., 1872. Sketch of an expedition in the valley of the Smoky Hill River in Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(87):174-176. (for Oct. 20, 1871 meeting)
Cope, E. D., 1872. On a new Testudinate from the chalk of Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(88):308-310.
Cope, E. D., 1872. On two new Ornithosaurians from Kansas. Proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society 12(88):420-422.
Cope, E. D., 1872. On two new Ornithosaurians from Kansas. American Journal of Science,
Series 3, 17:374-375.
Cope, E. D., 1872. A description of the genus Protostega, a form of extinct Testudinata. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(88):422-433.
Cope, E. D., 1872. [On a species of Clidastes and Plesiosaurus gulo Cope]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 29:127-124. (meeting of May 28)
Cope, E. D., 1872. [On the structure of the Pythonomorpha]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 24:140-141. (meeting of June 11)
Cope, E. D., 1872. On Kansas vertebrate fossils. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 3(13):65.
Cope, E. D., 1872. On the geology and paleontology of the Cretaceous strata of Kansas. Preliminary Report of the United States Geological Survey of Montana and Portions of the Adjacent Territories, Part III - Paleontology, pp. 318-349.
Cope, E. D., 1872. Food of plesiosaurs. American Naturalist 6:439.
Cope, E. D., 1872. Catalogue of the Pythonomorpha found in the Cretaceous strata of Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(87):264 and 12(88):265-287.
Cope, E.D. 1872. On the families of fishes of the Cretaceous
formation in
Cope, E. D., 1873. [On an extinct genus of saurodont fishes]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 24;280-281. (meeting of Dec. 17, 1872, naming of Protosphyraena nitida)
Cope, E. D.,1873. On the existence of Dinosauria in the transition beds of
Wyoming. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(89):481-483.
Cope, E. D., 1873. [On Toxochelys latiremis]. Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25:10. (meeting of Jan. 7) (naming of Toxochelys
latiremis)
Cope, E. D., 1873. On two new species of Saurodontidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25:337-339. (naming of Portheus lestrio (Xiphactinus audax), Portheus gladius (Protosphyraena gladius) and Daptinus (Saurodon leanus).
Cope, E. D., 1874. Review of the Vertebrata of the Cretaceous period found west of the Mississippi River. U. S. Geological Survey Territories Bulletin 1(2):3-48.
Cope, E. D., 1875. The Vertebrata of the Cretaceous formations of the West. Report, U. S. Geological Survey Territories (Hayden). 2:302 p, 57 pls. (Letter of Transmittal to F. V. Hayden)
Cope, E. D., 1877. [Vertebral column of Elasmosaurus serpentinus]. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 16(99):293:294. (meeting of March 2)
Cope, E. D., 1877. The sea serpents of the Cretaceous period. American Naturalist 11(5):311. (for May meeting)
Cope, E. D., 1877. The discovery of Laelaps in Montana, American Naturalist, 11:311.
Cope, E. D. 1877. On the genus Erisichthe [Protosphyraena]. Bulletin U. S. Geological and Geog. Survey iii, article xx pp. 821-823.
Cope, E. D., 1877. Report on the geology of the region of the Judith River, Montana, and on vertebrate fossils obtained on or near the Missouri River. Bulletin U. S. Geological and Geog. Survey (Hayden) 3(19):565-597; pls. 30-34. (Elasmosaurus serpentinus, Anogmius aratus and Apsopelix)
Cope, E. D. 1877. On some new or little known reptiles and fishes of the Cretaceous of Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17(100):176-181. (Toxochelys latiremis Cope: issue of May-Dec., 1877, printed Nov. 20, 1877)
Cope, E. D. 1878. Descriptions of new Vertebrata from the upper Tertiary formations of the West. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17(100):219-231. (mention of Dr. George Sternberg's discoveries) <EM>
Cope, E. D. 1878. Professor Owen on the Pythonomorpha. Bulletin U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey Territories. (Hayden) 4(1):299-311.
Cope, E. D. 1879. The relations of the horizons of extinct Vertebrata of Europe and North America. Bulletin U.S. Geological Survey Territories (Hayden) 5(1):33-54.
Cope, E. D. 1881. A new Clidastes from New Jersey. American Naturalist 15(7):587-588. (July issue, naming of Clidastes conodon)
Cope, E. D. 1887. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic realms of the interior of North America. American Naturalist 21(5):445-462.
Cope, E. D. 1887. The sea-saurians of the Fox Hills Cretaceous. American Naturalist 21(6):563-566.
Cope, E. D. 1888. Lydekker on the Ichthyosauria and Plesiosauria. American Naturalist XXII 724-726.
Cope, E. D. 1894. On the structure of the skull in the plesiosaurian Reptilia, and on two new species from the Upper Cretaceous. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 23(144):109-113.
Cope, E. D. 1895. Baur on the temporal part of the skull and on the morphology of the skull in the Mosasauridae. American Naturalist 29(345):855-859.
Cope, E. D. 1895. Reply to Dr. Baur's critique on my paper on the paroccipital bone of the scaled reptiles and the systematic position of the Pythonomorpha. American Naturalist 29(347):1003-1005.
Cope, E. D. 1896. The affinities of the Pythonomorph reptiles. (abstract) Proceedings American Association for the Advancement of Science 44:153. (Zoology section)
Cope, E. D. and J. S. Kingsley, 1890. Editorial. American Naturalist 24(278):158-159 (issue of Feb. 1890, published Feb. 28, 1890)
Cornelissen,
D., Verding, L., Schulp, A.S. and Jagt, J.W.M. 2012. The mosasaurs (Squamata,
Mosasauridae) of the Garcet Collection. inBardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme
congrčs sur les Mosasaures,
MNHN, Paris. Bulletin
de la Société Géologique de France 183(1):67-71.
Cowen, R., 1990. History of Life, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 470 pp.
Cowen, R., 1997. Locomotion and Respiration in Marine Air-Breathing Vertebrates [Draft version published on the Internet of: Cowen, R. 1996. Locomotion and respiration in marine air-breathing vertebrates. In Evolutionary Biology (edited by D. Jablonski, D. H. Erwin, and J. H. Lipps). University of Chicago Press.]
Cracraft, J. Phylogenetic relationships and monophyly of Loons, Grebes, and Hesperornithiform birds, with comments on the early history of birds. Systematic Zoology 31(1): 35-56.
Cragin, F. W., 1888. Preliminary description of a new or little known saurian from the Benton of Kansas, American Geologist 2:404-407. <EM>
Cragin, F. W., 1889. Geological notes on the region south of the great bend of the Arkansas. Bulletin of the Washburn College Laboratory 2(9):
Cragin, F. W., 1891. New observations on the genus Trinacromerum. American Geologist 8:171-174.
Cragin, F. W., 1894. Vertebrata from the Neocomian of Kansas. Colorado College Studies v pp. 69-73, pls. i, ii.
Cruickshank, A. R. I., and R. E. Fordyce, 2002. A new marine reptile (Sauropterygia) from New Zealand: Further evidence for a Late Cretaceous astral radiation of cryptoclidid plesiosaurs. Palaeontology, 45(3):557-575.
Cruickshank, A. R. I., R. E. Fordyce, and J. A. Long,1999. Recent developments in Australasian sauropterygian palaeontology (Reptilia: Sauropterygia), Records of the Western Australian Museum Symposium suppl. No. 57:201-205.
Cruickshank, A. R. I., D. M. Martill, and L. F. Noe, 1996. A pliosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) exhibiting pachyostosis from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal Geological Society, London. 153:873-879, 5 figs., 1 table.
Cruikshank, A. R. I., P. G. Small and M. A. Taylor, 1991. Dorsal nostrils and hydrodynamically driven underwater olfaction in plesiosaurs. Nature 352:62-64.
Cutler, W. G., 1883. History of the State of Kansas. A. T. Andreas, Chicago. 1,616 pages. (Early report on fossils of the Niobrara)
Currie,
P.J. 1981. Bird footprints from the Gething Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous)
of northeastern
Cumbaa, S.L., Schröder-Adams, C., Day, R.G. and
Phillips, A. 2006. Cenomanian bonebed faunas from the Northeastern margin,
Western Interior Seaway,
Currie, P. J., 1981. Hovasaurus boulie: An aquatic eosuchian from the upper Permian of Madagascar. Palaeontology Afrikans. 24:99-168. <PC>
Currie, P.J., and Padian, K. 1983. A new pterosaur record from the Judith River (Oldman) Formation of Alberta. Journal of Paleontology 57(3):599-600.
Currie, P.J. and Russell D.A. 1982. A giant pterosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Judith River Oldman Formation of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Science. 19: 894-897.
Cuvier,
G.C.F. 1808. Sur le grand animal fossile des carriéres de Maestricht. Annales
du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 12:145-176, pl. 19-20.
Darby, D. G. and R. W. Ojakangas, 1980. Gastroliths from an Upper Cretaceous plesiosaur. Journal of Paleontology, 54(3):548-556.<RO>
David, M. L., 1994. Schmeltzmuster (enamel layers) in two short-necked plesiosaurs from west-central Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to no. 3):22A. (Dolichorhynchops osborni and Brachauchenius lucasi)
Davidson, J. P. 1997. The bone sharp; The life of Edward Drinker Cope. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Special Pub. 17, 237 pp., 10 pl.
Davidson, J. P. 2002. Bonehead mistakes: The background in scientific literature and illustrations from Edward Drinker Cope's first restoration ofElasmosaurus platyurus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 152:215-240. <JD/ES>
Davidson, J. P. 2003. Edward Drinker Cope, Professor Paleozoic and Buffalo Land. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 106(3-4):177-191.
DeBraga, M., and R. L. Carroll. 1993. The origin of mosasaurs as a model of macroevolutionary patterns and processes, in Evolutionary Biology, Volume 27, Max K. Hecht, Ed., Plenum Press, pp. 245-322.
Deeming, D.C., Halstead, L. B., Manabe, M., and Unwin, D.M. 1995. An ichthyosaur embryo from the Lower Lias (Jurassic: Hettangian) of Somerset, England, with comments on the reproductive biology of ichthyosaurs. pp.463-482 (Chapter 27) In Sarjeant, W. A. S. (ed.), Vertebrate fossils and the evolution of scientific concepts, Gorden and Breach Publishers.
DeKay, J. E. 1830. On the remains of extinct reptiles of the genera Mosasaurus and Geosaurusfound in the secondary formation of New Jersey; and on the occurrence of a substance recently named coprolite by Dr. Buckland, in the same locality. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 3:134-141. (Original description of the type specimen of Mosasaurus dekayi Bronn 1838)
DeKay, J. E. 1833. Observations on a fossil jaw of a species of Gavial, from west New Jersey. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York.3:156-165, pl. 3, figs. 7-11. <EM> (Thoracosaurus neocesaviensis, mosasaur teeth and illustration of a coprolite)
De la Beche, H. T., and W. D. Conybeare. 1821. Notice of the discovery of a new animal, forming a link between the Ichthyosaurus and crocodile, together with general remarks on the osteology of Ichthyosaurus. Transactions Geological Society London 5:559-594.
Denton, R. K., Jr., J. L. Dobie, and D. C. Parris, 1997. The marine crocodilianHyposaurus in North America, pp. 375-397, In Calloway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, eds., Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Derstler, K. 1988. A rich vertebrate fossil assemblage from the upper Dermopolis Formation of Alabama and Mississippi. Journal Alabama Academy Science 59(3):144. (Abs.).
Derstler, K. 1994. Evolutionary history of sea turtles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to no. 3):23A.
Derstler, K., A. D. Leitch, P. L. Larson, C. Finsley and L. Hill, 1993. The world's largest turtles - The Vienna Archelon (4.6 m) and the Dallas Protostega(4.2 m), upper Cretaceous of South Dakota and Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleont. 13(suppl. to no. 3):33A.
Dixon, F. 1850. Geology and fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous formations of Sussex. pp. i-xvi; 1-422. (New Edition, "revised and augmented" by Jones, T. R. 1878. William J. Smith, Brighton.
Dobie, J. L. 1978. A fossil amniote egg from an Upper Cretaceous deposit (Mooreville Chalk of the Selma Group) in Alabama. Copeia 3:460-464.
Dobie, J. L., D. R. Womochel, and G. L. Bell, Jr. 1986. A unique sacroiliac contact in mosasaurs (Saura, Varanoidea, Mosasauridae), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6(2): 197-199.
Dollo,
L. 1882. Note sur l'ostéologie des Mosasauridae.Bulletin du Musée royale d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique 1:55-74, 3 pls. (from
Dirk Cornelissen)
Dollo,
L. 1884. Le mosasaure. Revue des Questions Scientifiques 16:648-653.
Dollo,
L. 1885. Le hainosaure. Revue des Questions Scientifiques 18:285-289.
Dollo,
L. 1885. Premiere note le hainosaure. Bulletin
du Musée d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique 4:25-35.
Dollo, L. 1887. Le hainosaure et les nouveaux vertébrés
fossiles du Musée de Bruxelles. Revue des Questions Scienfiques XXI 504-539.
(April 1887 - Hainosaurusand new vertebrate fossils of the
Dollo, L. 1887. Le hainosaure et les nouveaux vertébrés fossiles du Musée de
Bruxelles. Revue des Questions Scienfiques XXII 70-112. (July 1887)
Dollo,
L. 1888, Sur le crane ties mosasauriens.Bull. Bel. de la France et de la Belgique (3), 1(19):1-11, with pl. I and
9 text figs. (from Dirk Cornelissen)
Dollo,
L. 1889. Premičre note sur les mosasauriens de Mesvin. Mémoires de la Société
Belge de Géologie de Paléontologie and DHydrologie 3:271-304, pl. IX-X.
Dollo, L. 1889. Premičre note sur les mosasauriens de Mesvin. Mémoires de la Société Belge de Géologie de Paléontologie and DHydrologie 3:271-304, pl. IX-X.
Dollo,
L. 1890. Premičre note sur les mosasauriens de Maestricht. Bulletin de la Société
Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie, 4:151-169, pl. VIII.
Dollo,
L. 1892. La paléontologie et la théorie de lé evolution. Bulletin
de la Société Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie.
Dollo,
L. 1892. Novelle note sur losteologie des Mosasauriens. Bulletin
de la Société Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie 6:219-259,
pl. III-IV.
Dollo, L. 1892. Sur l'origine de la nageoire caudale des Ichthyosaures. Bulletin Society Belge Géol., Paléont., Hydrol. vi, Pr. verb. pp. 167-174, with 8 text figures. (On the origin of the caudal fin of Ichthyosaurs)
Dollo, L. 1893. Nouvelle note sur l'ostéologie des mosasauriens. Bulletin Society Belge Géol., Mém. VI 219-259, pls. III, IV (1892). (A new note on the osteology of the mosasaurs)
Dollo,
L. 1904. Les Mosasauriens de la Belgique.Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie
18:207216, pl. IV. (from Dirk Cornelissen)
Dollo,
L. 1904. L'origine des Mosasauriens. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie,
de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie 18:217222.
Dollo, L. 1905. Un nouvel opercule tympanique
de Plioplatecarpus, mosasaurien plongeur. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie
et d'Hydrologie, Mem. 19:125-131,
pl III.
Dortangs, R. W., A. S. Schulp, E. W. A. Mulder, J. W. M. Jagt, H. H. G. Peeters and D. Th. de Graaf, 2002. A large new mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous of the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw 81(1): 1-8. (Prognathodon saturator) <EM/AS>
Douglas, E., 1902. Dinosaurs of the Fort Pierre Shales and underlying beds in Montana. Science 15(366):31-32. (dinosaur remains in marine sediments)
Druckenmiller, P. S. 1998. Osteology and relationships of a plesiosaur (Sauropterygia) from the Thermopolis Shale (Lower Cretaceous) of Montana. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Montana State University.
Druckenmiller, P. S. 2002. Osteology of a new plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Thermopolis Shale of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(1): 29-42.
Druckenmiller, P. S. A. J. Daun, J. L. Skulan and J. C. Pladziewicz, 1993. Stomach contents in the upper Cretaceous shark Squalicorax falcatus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleont. 13(suppl. to no. 3):33A. (includes mosasaur paddle elements)
Druckenmiller, P.S. and Russell, A.P. 2006. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, northeastern Alberta, Canada. Paludicola 5(4):184-199.
Druckenmiller, P.S. and Russell, A.P. 2009. The new plesiosaurian genus Nichollssaura from Alberta, Canada: Replacement name for the preoccupied genus Nichollsia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1):276. [Name preoccupied by an Indian isopod (Chopra and Tiwari, 1950)]
Dupras, D. L., 1988. Ichthyosaurs of California, Nevada and Oregon. California Geology (May) 99-107.
Dutchak, A.R. 2005. A review of the taxonomy and systematics of aigialosaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 221-230.
Dutchak, A.R. and Caldwell, M.W. 2009. A redescription of Aigialosaurus (= Opetiosaurus) bucchichi (Kornhuber, 1901) (Squamata: Aigialosauridae) with comments on mosasauroid systematics. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(2): 437-452.
Dyke, G. J., R. W. Dortangs, J. W. M. Jagt, E. W. A. Mulder, A. S. Schulp and L. M. Chiappe, 2001, Europe's last Mesozoic Bird. Naturwissenschaften 89:408-411.
Eastman, C. R., 1904. A recent paleontological induction, Science, N. S. 20(510):465-466. (See Brown, B., 1907)
Eastman, C. R., 1906. Sermons in stomach stones. Science (N. S.) 23:983.
Eaton, G. F., 1903. The characters of Pteranodon. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 16(91):82-86, pl. 6-7. <EM>
Eaton, G. F., 1904. The characters of Pteranodon (second paper). American Journal of Science, Series 4, 17(100):318-320, pl. 19-20 <EM>.
Eaton, G. F. 1908. The skull of Pteranodon. Science (n. s.) XXVII 254-255.
Eaton, G. F. 1910. Osteology of Pteranodon. Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2:1-38, pls. i-xxxi.
Eaton, T. H. Jr., 1960. A new armored dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Kansas. University Kansas Paleontology Contri. 8:1-14, 2 fig. (Silvasaurus)
Echols, J. 1972. Biostratigraphy and reptile faunas of the Upper Austin and Taylor Groups (Upper Cretaceous) of Texas, with special reference to Hunt, Fannin, Lamar and Delta, Texas, Ph.D. dissertation (unpub.), The University of Oklahoma, 244 pages. <BK>
Edinger, T. 1927. Das Gehirn der Pterosaurier. Zeitschrift Anat. Entwicklungsgeschichte 83:105-112. ["The brain of the pterosaur" - In German]
Elgin, R.A., Hone, D.W.E., and Frey, E. 2011. The extent of the pterosaur flight membrane. Acta Palaeontologica. Polonica 56(1):99-111.
Elliot, D. K., G. V. Irby, and J. H. Hutchinson. 1997. Desmatochelys lowi, a marine turtle from the Upper Cretaceous. pp. 243-258 In Callaway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, San Diego.
Ellis, R. 2003. Sea dragons: Predators of the prehistoric oceans. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, KS, 313 pp.
Elzanowski, A. and Brett-Surman, M. K. 1995. Avian premaxilla and tarsometatarsus from uppermost Cretaceous of Montana. Auk 112(3): 762-767.
Emmons, E. 1858.
Description of reptilian remains of the marl beds of North-Carolina.Reptiles
of the green sand. Chapter XVI in Report of the
Emmons, E. 1858.
Pisces - Description of remains of fish in the North-Carolina marl beds. Chapter
XVII in Report of the
Etches, S. M., and J. B. Clarke, 1993. Feeding habits of Caturus and new evidence of coleoid distributions from the Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Society 115 (179-181).
Etheridge,
R., Jr. 1897. An Australian Sauropterygian (Cimoliasaurus) converted
into precious opal. Records of the
Evans, M. 1999. A new reconstruction of the skull of the Callovian elasmosaurid plesiosaur Muraenosaurus leedsii Seeley. Mercian Geologist, 14(4):191-196.
Everhart, M. J., 1999. One day in the Western Interior Sea, The West Australian Dinonews, Issue 14, pp. 7-9.
Everhart, M. J., 1999. Revisions to the biostratigraphy of the Mosasauridae (Squamata) in Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of Kansas. Field Conference: Fossils of Wyoming. Tate Museum Guidebook 4:51-71.
Everhart, M. J., 1999. Evidence of feeding on mosasaurs by the late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(suppl. to 3):43A-44A.
Everhart, M. J., 2000. A day in the life of a mosasaur, The West Australian Dinonews, Issue 15, pp. 3-6.
Everhart, M. J., 2000. Gastroliths associated with plesiosaur remains in the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale (late Cretaceous), western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 103(1-2):58-69.
Everhart, M. J., 2000. The biostratigraphy of the mosasauridae (Squamata) in the Smoky Hill Chalk (late Cretaceous) of Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 19 (abstracts):11.
Everhart, M. J., 2000. Mosasaurs: Last of the great marine reptiles. Prehistoric Times. 44:29-31.
Everhart, M. J., 2001. Stones and bones: The function of gastroliths in plesiosaurs. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 20(Abstracts):29.
Everhart, M. J., 2001. Revisions to the Biostratigraphy of the Mosasauridae (Squamata) in the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk (Late Cretaceous) of Kansas. Kansas Academy Science Trans 104(1-2):56-75.
Everhart, M. J., 2002. New data on cranial measurements and body length of the mosasaur, Tylosaurus nepaeolicus(Squamata; Mosasauridae), from the Niobrara Formation of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 105(1-2):33-43.
Everhart, M. J., 2002. Where the Elasmosaurs roam...... Prehistoric Times. 53:24-27.
Everhart, M. J., 2002. New data on plesiosaur remains found as stomach contents of a Tylosaurus proriger (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Formation of western Kansas. (Abstract) Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions
Everhart, M. J., 2002. Remains of immature mosasaurs (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Chalk (Late Cretaceous) argue against nearshore nurseries. (Abstract) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(suppl. to 3):52A.
Everhart, M. J. 2003. First records of plesiosaur remains in the lower Smoky Hill Chalk Member (Upper Coniacian) of the Niobrara Formation in western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 106(3-4):139-148.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. New data regarding the skull of Dolichorhynchops osborni (Plesiosauroidea: Polycotylidae) from rediscovered photos of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology specimen. Paludicola 4(3):74-80.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. Late Cretaceous interaction between predators and prey. Evidence of feeding by two species of shark on a mosasaur. PalArch, vertebrate palaeontology series 1(1):1-7.
Everhart, M. J. 2004.Tylosaurus novum sp. An update on an unnamed species of basal tylosaurine. Abstract book and field guide of the First Mosasaur Meeting, Schulp, A. S. and John W. M. Jagt (eds.), Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, the Netherlands, pp. 35-39.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. Plesiosaurs as the food of mosasaurs; new data on the stomach contents of a Tylosaurus proriger (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Formation of western Kansas. The Mosasaur 7:41-46.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. Notice of the transfer of the holotype specimen of Niobrarasaurus coleii (Ankylosauria; Nodosauridae) to the Sternberg Museum of Natural History. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 107(3-4):173-174.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. Conchoidal fractures preserved on elasmosaur gastroliths are evidence of use in processing food. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (Supplement to 3): 56A.
Everhart, M. J. 2005. Bite marks on an elasmosaur (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria) paddle from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) as probable evidence of feeding by the lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli. PalArch, Vertebrate paleontology 2(2): 14-24.
Everhart, M. J. 2005. Rapid evolution, diversification and distribution of mosasaurs (Reptilia; Squamata) prior to the K-T Boundary. Tate 2005 11th Annual Symposium in Paleontology and Geology, Casper, WY, p. 16-27 (not peer-reviewed).
Everhart, M.J. 2005. Oceans of Kansas - A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea. Indiana University Press, 322 pp.
Everhart, M.J. 2005. Probable plesiosaur gastroliths from the basal Kiowa Shale (Early Cretaceous) of Kiowa County, Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 108 (3/4): 109-115.
Everhart, M.J. 2005. Earliest record of the genus Tylosaurus (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from the Fort Hays Limestone (Lower Coniacian) of western Kansas. Transactions 108 (3/4): 149-155.
Everhart, M. J. 2005. Elasmosaurid remains from the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Possible missing elements of the type specimen of Elasmosaurus platyurus Cope 1868? PalArch 4(3): 19-32. (See also Noé and Gomez, 2007, below)
Everhart, M.J. 2005. Tylosaurus kansasensis, a new species of tylosaurine (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas, U.S.A. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 231-240.
Everhart, M. J. 2006. The occurrence of elasmosaurids (Reptilia: Plesiosauria) in the Niobrara Chalk of Western Kansas. Paludicola 5(4):170-183.
Everhart, M. J. 2007. Use of archival photographs to rediscover the locality of the Holyrood elasmosaur (Ellsworth County, Kansas). Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 110(1/2): 135-143.
Everhart, M. J. 2007. Sea Monsters: Prehistoric Creatures of the Deep. National Geographic, 192 p. ISBN-13: 978-1426200854.
Everhart, M. J. 2007. Historical note on the 1884 discovery of Brachauchenius lucasi (Plesiosauria; Pliosauridae) in Ottawa County, Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 110(3-4):255-258.
Everhart, M.J. 2008. Rare occurrence of a Globidens sp. (Reptilia; Mosasauridae) dentary in the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale (Middle Campanian) of Western Kansas. p. 23-29 in Farley G. H. and Choate, J.R. (eds.), Unlocking the Unknown; Papers Honoring Dr. Richard Zakrzewski, Fort Hays Studies, Special Issue No. 2, 153 p., Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS.
Everhart, M.J. 2008. A bitten skull of Tylosaurus kansasensis (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and a review of mosasaur-on-mosasaur pathology in the fossil record. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 111(3/4):251-262
Everhart, M.J. (ed.). 2008. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting. Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, 172 pp.
Everhart, M.J. 2008. The mosasaurs of George F. Sternberg, paleontologist and fossil photographer. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 37-46.
Everhart, M.J. 2009. Probable plesiosaur remains from the Blue Hill Shale (Carlile
Formation; Middle Turonian) of north central
Everhart, M.J. 2011. Rediscovery
of the Hesperornis regalis Marsh 1871 holotype locality indicates an
earlier stratigraphic occurrence.
Everhart, M.J. and Bell, A. 2009. A hesperornithiform limb bone from the basal Greenhorn Formation (Late Cretaceous; Middle Cenomanian) of north central Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(3):952-956.
Everhart, M. J. and J. Bussen, 2001. First report of the mosasaur, Plioplatecarpuscf. primaevus, from the Pierre Shale (Campanian) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 20(Abstracts):28-29.
Everhart, M.J., R. Decker and P. Decker. 2006. Earliest remains of Dolichorhynchops osborni (Plesiosauria: Polycotylidae) from the basal Fort Hays Limestone, Jewell County, Kansas. Abstracts from the 138th Annual Meeting, Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 109(3-4):251.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1992. Oyster-shell concentrations; a stratigraphic marker in the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 11(Abstracts):12.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1993. Notes on the biostratigraphy of the plethodid Martinichthys in the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 12(Abstracts):36.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1994. Evidence of predation on the rare plethodid Martinichthys in the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 13(Abstracts):36.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1996. First report of the shell crushing mosasaur, Globidens sp., from the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale (upper Cretaceous) of Western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 15(Abstracts):17.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1997. Earliest documented occurrence of the mosasaur, Tylosaurus proriger, from the Smoky Hill Chalk (Niobrara Formation, upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 16(Abstracts):14.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1997. Earliest occurrence of the mosasaur, Tylosaurus proriger, (Mosasauridae: Squamata) in the Smoky Hill Chalk (Niobrara Formation, upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(suppl. to 3):44A.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1998. New data regarding the feeding habits of the extinct lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli, from the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 17(Abstracts):33.
Everhart, M. J. and Everhart, P. 1999. An early occurrence of Pteranodon sternbergi from the Smoky Hill Member (late Cretaceous) of the Niobrara Chalk in western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 18(Abstracts):27.
Everhart, M. J., P. A. Everhart and J. Bourdon, 1997. Earliest documented occurrence of the mosasaur, Clidastes liodontus, in the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 16(Abstracts):14.
Everhart, M. J. and Ewell, K. 2006. Shark-bitten dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) vertebrae from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Coniacian) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 109 (1-2):27-35.
Everhart, M. J. and S. A. Hamm. 2005. A new nodosaur specimen (Dinosauria: Nodosauridae) from the Smoky Hill Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 108(1/2): 15-21.
Everhart, M. J. and S. E. Johnson. 2001. The occurrence of the mosasaur,Platecarpus planifrons, in the Smoky Hill Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21(suppl. to 3):48A. Abstract
Everhart, M. J., P. A. Everhart and K. Shimada. 1995. New specimen of shark bitten mosasaur vertebrae from the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) in western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 14(Abstracts):19.
Everhart, M. J., P. A. Everhart and J. D. Stewart. 1995. Notes on the biostratigraphy of a small coelacanth from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 14(Abstracts):20.
Felder, P. J. and J. W. M. Jagt. 1998. De stratigrafie van het type exemplaar van Mosasaurus hoffmanni Mantell, 1829, Het grote dier van Maastricht, bepaald. Publicaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg, 41(1): 48-51. (The stratigraphy of the type specimen of Mosasaurus hoffmanni Mantell, 1829 determined)
Fernández, M. S. 1997. A new ichthyosaur from the Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of the Neuquén Basin, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. J. Paleont. 71(3):479-484. <MF>
Fernández, M. S., 1998. Nuevo material de Caypullisaurus bonaparteiFernández (Reptilia: Ichthyosauridae) del Jurásico superior de la Cuenca Neuquina, Argentina, Ameghiniana, 35(1):21-24. (In Spanish, w/English abstract). <MF>
Fernández, M. S., 1999. A new ichthyosaur from the Los Molles Formation, (early Bajocian), Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Journal Paleont. 73(4):677-681. <MF>
Fernández, M. S., 2000. Late Jurassic Ichthyosaurs form the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Historical Biology, 13:133-136. <MF>
Fernández, M.S. and Gasparini, Z. 2012. Campanian and Maastrichtian mosasaurs from Antarctic Peninsula and Patagonia, Argentina. inBardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme congrčs sur les Mosasaures, MNHN, Paris. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):93-102.
Fernandez, M. and Martin, J.E. 2009. Description and phylogenetic relationships of Taniwhasaurus antarcticus (Mosasauridae, Tylosaurinae) from the upper Campanian (Cretaceous) of Antarctica. Cretaceous Research 30:717–726.
Fleming, C. A., D. R. Gregg, and S. P. Welles, 1971. New Zealand ichthyosaurs - A summary including new records from the Cretaceous. N. Z. Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 14(4):734-741.
Ford, K.W. 2006. Stratigraphic positions of marine reptile and dinosaurs
specimens in the Moreno Formation, in the Tumey Hills and Panoche Hills,
Forrest, R. 2003. Evidence of scavenging by the marine crocodile Metriorhynchus on the carcass of a plesiosaur. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 114:363-366.
Forrest, R. and N. Oliver. 2003. Ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs from the Lower Spilsby Sandstone Member (Upper Jurassic), north Lincolnshire. Yorkshire Geological Society 54(4):269-275.
Fountaine, T.M.R., M. J. Benton, G. J. Dyke and R. L. Nudds. 2005. The quality of the fossil record of Mesozoic birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272:289-294.
Fox, R. C., 1984. Ichthyornis (Aves) from the early Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of Alberta. Can. J. Earth Sci 21:258-260.
Frey, E., Buchy, M.-C. Martill and D.M. 2003. Middle- and bottom-decker Cretaceous pterorsaurs: unique designs in active flying vertebrates. in Buffetaut, E. and Mazin, J.-M. (eds.), Evolution and Paleobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 217:267-274.
Frey, E. Martill, D.M. and Buchy, M.-C. 2003. A new species of tapejarid pterosaur with soft-tissue head crest. in Buffetaut, E. and Mazin, J.-M. (eds.), Evolution and Paleobiology of Pterosaurs. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 217:65-72.
Frey, E., and J. Riess. 1982. Considerations concerning plesiosaur locomotion. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol., Abh. 164 p. 193-194.
Frey, E., Buchy, M.-C., Stinnesbeck,
W., González- González, A. and Stefano, A. 2006. Muzquizopteryx
coahuilensis n.g., n.sp., a nyctosaurid pterosaur with soft tissue
preservation from the Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) of northeast
Frerichs, W. E. and N. B. Dring, 1981. Planktonic formaminifera from the Smoky Hill Shale of west central Kansas. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 11(1):47-69. (use of forams for dating of the Smoky Hill Chalk)
Gaffney, E. S. and R. Zangerl, 1968. A revision of the chelonian genus Bothremys(Pleurodira: Pelomedusidae). Fieldiana, Geology, 16(7):193-239. <EM>
Gaffney, E. S. 1972. An illustrated glossary of turtle skull nomenclature. American Museum Novitates 2486:1-33.
Gallagher, W. B., 2002. Faunal changes across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary in the Atlantic coastal plain of New Jersey: Restructuring the marine community after the K-T mass extinction event. Geo. Society America Sp. Paper 356, pp. 291-301.
Gallagher, W.B. 2005. Recent mosasaur discoveries from New Jersey and Delaware, USA: stratigraphy, taphonomy and implications for mosasaur extinction. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 241-246.
Gallagher, W.B., C.E. Campbell, J.W.M. Jagt and E. W.A. Mulder. 2005. Mosasaur (Reptilia; Squamata) material from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary interval in Missouri. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(2): 473-475.
Gallagher, W.B., Miller, K.G., Sherell, R.M., Browning, J.V., Field, M.P., Olsson, R.K., Sugarman, P.J., Tuorto, S. and Wahyudi, H. 2012. On the last mosasaurs: Late Maastrichtian mosasaurs and the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in New Jersey. in Bardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme congrčs sur les Mosasaures, MNHN, Paris. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):145-150.
Gallagher, W. B., D. C. Parris, and E. E. Spamer, 1986. Paleontology, biostratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition in the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Mosasaur 3 p. 1-35.
Gasparini, Z., N. Bardet and M. Iturralde-Vinent, 2002. A new cryptoclidid plesiosaur from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Cuba. Geobios 35:201-211.
Gasparini, Z., N. Bardet, J. E. Martin and M. Fernández. 2003. The elasmosaurid plesiosaur Aristonectes cabrera from the latest Cretaceous of South America and Antarctica. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(1):104-115.
Gasparini, Z. S. Casadio, M. Fernández and L. Salgado. 2001. Marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous of northern Patagonia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 14:51-60.
Gasparini, Z. and M. Fernández, 1997. Tithonian marine reptiles of the eastern Pacific. In Calloway, J. M. and Nicholls, E. L. eds., Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, pp.435-450, 1997.
Gasparini, Z. and Fernández, M. 2006. Middle and late Jurassic marine reptile faunas of the southeastern Pacific, based on discoveries in Argentina and Chile. Paludicola 5(4):230-241.
Gasparini, Z. and M. de la Fuente, 2000. Tortugas y plesiosaurios de la formación La Colonia (Cretacico superior) de Patagonia, Argentina. [Turtles and plesiosaurs of the La Colonia Formation (Upper Cretaceous) from Patagonia, Argentina.] Revista Espańol de Paleontología, 15(1):23-35. (In Spanish, w/English abstract)
Gasparini, Z. and L. Salgado, 2000. Elasmosáuridos (Plesiosauria) del Cretácico Tardío del norte de Patagonia [Late Cretaceous elasmosaurids (Plesiosauria) from Northern Patagonia]. Revista Espańol de Paleontología, 15(1):13-21. (In Spanish, w/English abstract)
Gasparini, Z., L. Salgado, and S. Casadio. 2003. Maastrichtian plesiosaurs from northern Patagonia. Cretaceous Research 00:1-14.
Gasparini, Z. and L. Spalletti, 1993. First Callovian plesiosaurs from the Neuquen Basin, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 30(3):245-254.
Gasparini, Z. and R. del Valle, 1984. Mosasaurios (Reptila, Sauria) Cretacicos, en el continente Anartico. Noveno Congreso Geologico, S.C. De Bariloche, ACTAS IV:423-431. (In Spanish, w/English abstract)
Gass, P. 1807. A journal of the voyages and travels of a corps of discovery, under the command of Capt. Lewis and Capt. Clarke of the Army of the United States, from the mouth of the River Missouri through the interior parts of North America to the Pacific Ocean, during the years 1804, 1805 and 1806. Printed by Zadok Cramer, Pittsburg, for David McKeehan, Publisher and Proprietor, 262 pp. <EM> First mention of mosasaur remains in the Midwestern U. S. )
Geist, N.R., Carpenter, S., and Stewart, J.D. 2002. Chemical and morphological analysis of soft tissue preservation in a mosasaur. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(suppl. To 3): 57A.
Geister, J. 1998. Lebensspuren von Meersaurien und ihren Beutetieren im mittleren Jura (Callovien) von Liesburg, Schweiz. (Lebensspuren made by marine reptiles and their prey in the middle Jurassic (Callovian) of Liesburg, Switzerland). Facies 39:105-124.
Gibbs, R. W., 1848. Monograph of the fossil Squalidae of the United States. Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Vol. 1, 2nd Series, pt. 2, art. 12:139-147. pls. 18-21.
Gibbes, R. W., 1850. On Mosasaurus and other allied genera in the United States. Proceedings American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2d meeting 1849, Cambridge p. 77.
Gibbes, R. W., 1851. A memoir on Mosasaurus and three allied new genera,Holcodus, Conosaurus, and Amphorosteus. Smithsonian Cont. to Knowledge ii, art. v pp. 1-13; pl. i-iii.
Gill, J. R., W. A. Cobban, and L. G. Schultz, 1972. Stratigraphy and composition of the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale in Kansas. Geo. Survey Prof. Paper 728, 50 pp., 2 pl.
Gillette, D., 1990. Seismosaurus: The Earth Shaker. Columbia University Press. New York, 205 pp. (Gastroliths)
Gilmore, C. W., 1911. A new fossil alligator from the Hell Creek beds of Montana. Proceedings U. S. Nat. Mus. 41(1860):297-302, 2 pls., 1 text-fig.
Gilmore, C. W., 1912, A new mosasauroid reptile from the Cretaceous of Alabama, Proceedings U.S. National Museum, 40(1870):489-484. (Description of Globidens alabamaensis type)
Gilmore, C. W., 1914. A second occurrence of ichthyosaurian remains in the Benton Cretaceous. Science, 39(997):210. <EM>
Gilmore, C. W., 1921. An extinct sea lizard from western Kansas. Science American CXXIV 273, 280, 3 figs.
Gilmore, C. W., 1926. Description of mosasaurians from the Ripley Formation, Tennessee. U. S. Geological Survey Profess. Pap. 137:191-192.
Gilmore, C. W., 1927. Note on the second occurrence of the mosasaurian reptile,Globidens. Science, N. S. 66(1715):452.
Gilmore, C. W. and Stewart, D. R. 1945. A new sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Missouri. Journal of Paleontology, 19(1):23-29, 4 fig.
Gingerich, P. D., 1972. A new partial mandible of Ichthyornis. The Condor 74(4):471-473.
Gingerich, P. D., 1973. Skull of Hesperornis and early evolution of birds. Nature 243: 70-73.
Gingerich, P. D. 1975. Evolutionary significance of the Mesozoic toothed birds. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 27: 23-34.
Grinnell, G. B., 1881. (REVIEW) Monograph by Professor Marsh on the Odontornithes, or toothed birds of North America. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 21(124):255-276.
Goldfuss, A., 1845. Der schädelbau des Mosasaurus, durch beschreibung einer neuen art dieser gattung erläutert, Nova Acta Academa Ceasar Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Natura Curiosorum 21:1-28 (See Webpage here) - (Click here for the English Translation).
Godfrey, S. J., 1984. Plesiosaur subaqueous locomotion, a reappraisal, N. Jb. Geological Paläont. Mh., (11):661-672.
de Graaf, D. T. and P. Rompen, 1995. Mosasaurus hoffmanni, naam en toenaam (Under the Name of Mosasaurus hoffmanni). Natuurhistorisch Maandblad, 84(2):27-35.
Grange, D. R., G. W. Storrs, S. Carpenter and S. Etches, 1996. An important marine vertebrate-bearing locality from the Lower Kimmeridge Clay (Upper Jurassic) of Westbury, Wiltshire. Proceedings Geological Association 107:107-116.
Gregory, J. T., 1951. Convergent evolution: The jaws of Hesperornis and the mosasaurs, Evolution, 5:345-354.
Gregory, J. T., 1952. The jaws of the Cretaceous toothed birds Ichthyornis and Hesperornis. Condor 54(2):73-88, 9 figs., 1 table.
Grinnell, J. B., 1923. An old time bone hunt. Natural History 23(4):329-336.
Gudger, E. W. 1944. The earliest winged fish-catchers. The Scientific Monthly, 59(2)120-129.
"H"., 1868. Review of Leidy's "Cretaceous reptiles of the United States". Geology Magazine (London) 5(51):432.435.
Haber, A. and Polcyn, M.J. 2005. A new marine varanoid from the Cenomanian of the Middle East. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 247-256.
Haggert, J. W., E. L. Nicholls and R. Bartlett. 2003. The first record of a pliosaurid (Plesiosauria, Pliosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of North America. Cretaceous Research 24:129-133. <ELN>
Halstead, L. B., 1989. Plesiosaur locomotion, Journal of the Geological Society, 146:37-40.
Hamm, S. A. and M. J. Everhart, 2001. Notes on the occurrence of nodosaurs (Ankylosauridae) in the Smoky Hill Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21(suppl. to 3):58A. Abstract
Hankin, E. H. and D. M. S. Watson. 1914. On the flight of Pterodactyls. The Aeronautical Journal, 18: 324-335.
Hargrave, J.E. 2007. Pteranodon (Reptilia: Pterosauria): Stratigraphic distribution and taphonomy in the lower Pierre Shale Group (Campanian), western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming. p.215-225 in Martin, J.E. and Parris, D.C. (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427.
Harksen, J. C., 1966. Pteranodon sternbergi, a new fossil pterodactyl from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas. Proceedings South Dakota Academy of Science 45:74-77.
Harlan, R., 1824. On a new fossil genus of the order Enalio sauri, (of Conybeare). Journal Academy Nat. Science Philadelphia, Series 1, 3(pt. 2):331-337; pl. 12, figs. 1-5.
Harlan, R., 1825. Notice of the Plesiosaurus and other fossil reliquiae from the State of New Jersey.Journal Academy Nat. Science Philadelphia iv pp. 231-236. (See Leidy, 1851 for the re-identification of this 'plesiosaur' vertebrae as that of an extinct cetacean)
Harlan, R. 1834. Notice of fossil bones found in the Tertiary formation of the State of Louisiana. Transactions American Philosophical Society 4:397-403, pl. XXX. (The description of Basilosaurus as an Eocene plesiosaur)
Harlan, R., 1834. Notice of the discovery of the remains of the Ichthyosaurus in Missouri. N. A.. Transactions American Philosophical Society 4:405-409, pl. XXX. (Harlan's mis-identification of a Mosasaurus premaxilla as that of an Ichthyosaur)
Harlan, R., 1834. Critical notices of various organic remains hitherto discovered in North America. Transactions Geological Society of Pennsylvania i, pt. i pp. 46-112, Philadelphia. (pages 76-81 only)
Harlan, R. 1834. On some new species of fossil saurians found in America. British Association for the Advancement of Science, 3, p. 440.
Hartstein, E. F., L. E. Decina, and R. F. Keil, 1999. A late Cretaceous (Severn Formation) vertebrate assemblage from Bowie Maryland. The Mosasaur 6:17-23.
Hasiotis, S.T., Platt, B.F., Hembree, D.L. and Everhart, M.J. 2007. The Trace-Fossil Record of Vertebrates. pp. 196-218 in Miller, W. III. (ed.), Trace Fossils - Concepts, Problems, Prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 611 pages.
Hawkins, T., 1834. Memoirs of Ichthyosauri and Plesiosauri, extinct monsters of the ancient Earth. Relfe and Fletcher, London. 58 p., 28 pls.<RF>
Hawkins, T., 1840. The Book of the Great Sea-Dragon, William Pickering, London. (Available on line from Richard Forrest's Plesiosaur.com) <FR>
Hawkins, W. B. Jr., 1990. Taphonomy of an upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) mosasaur, Braggs, Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10(supp. to 3):26A. Abstract
Hay, O. P., 1895. On certain portions of the skeleton of Protostega gigas. Publ. Field Columbian Museum, Zoological Series (later Fieldiana: Zoology), 1(2):57-62, pls. 4 & 5.
Hay, O. P., 1896. On the skeleton of Toxochelys latiremis. Publ. Field Columbian Museum, Zoological Series (later Fieldiana: Zoology), 1(5):101-106, pls. 14 &15.
Hay, O. P., 1902. Bibliography and catalog of the fossil vertebrata of North America. Bulletin U. S. Geological Survey no. 179, 868 p.
Hay, O.P. 1903. A revision of the
species of the family of fossil turtles called Toxochelyidae, with descriptions
of two new species of Toxochelys and a new species of Porthochelys.
Bulletin of the
Hay, O. P. 1908. The fossil turtles of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication No. 75, 568 pp, 113 pl.
Hector, J. 1873. On the fossil reptilia of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 6:333-358.
Heicoop, J. M., C. J. Tsujita, C. E. Heicoop, M. J. Risk, and A. P. Dickin, 1996. Effects of volcanic ashfall recorded in ancient marine benthic communities: comparison of a nearshore and an offshore environment. Lethaia 29:126-139.
Henderson, D., 2000. Asteroid impact. Dial Books for Young Readers, New York, 40 pp.
Henderson, D. M. 2003. Effects of stomach stones on the buoyancy and equilibrium of a floating crocodilian: a computational analysis. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 81:1346-1357.
Henderson, D.M. 2006. Floating point: a computational study of buoyancy, equilibrium, and gastroliths in plesiosaurs. Lethaia 39:227-244.
Henderson, D.M. 2010. Pterosaur body mass estimates from three-dimensional mathematical slicing. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(3):768-785.
Henderson, M.D. and Peterson, J.E. 2006.An azhdarchid pterosaur cervical vertebra from the Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian) of southeastern Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(1):192–195.
Hieronymus, T.L. and Witmer, L.M. 2010. Homology and evolution of avian compound rhamphothecae. Auk 127(3):590-604.
Hiller, N. and Mannering, A. 2004. Elasmosaur (Reptilia: Plesiosauria) skull remains from the Upper Cretaceous of North Canterbury, New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum 18: 1-7.
Hiller, N. and A. A. Mannering. 2005. An unusual new elasmosaurid plesiosaur (Sauropterygia) from the upper Haumurian (Maastrichtian) of the South Island, New Zealand. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 51(1): 27-37.
Hiller, N., A.A. Mannering, C.M. Jones and A.R.I. Cruikshank. 2005. The nature of Mauisaurus haasti Hector, 1874 (Reptilia: Plesiosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(3): 588-601.
Hirayama, R. 1994. Phylogenetic systematics of chelonioid sea turtles. The Island Arc 3:270-284.
Hirayama, R. 1997. Distribution and diversity of Cretaceous chelonioids. pp. 225-241 In Callaway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, San Diego.
Hitchcock, E., 1853. Outline of the geology of the globe, and the United States in particular: with two geological maps and sketches of characteristic American fossils. Phillips, Sampson and Co., Boston. 136 pp, 6 pls., 2 folded maps. (excerpt)
Hoganson, J. W. 1996. Mosasaur remains and associated vertebrate fossils from the DeGrey Member (Campanian) of the Pierre Shale, Cooperstown site, Griggs County, east central North Dakota. GSA Rocky Mountain Section Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, 28(4):11.
Hoganson, J. W., Campbell , J. M., Hanson, M., and Halvorson, D. L. 1999. Plioplatecarpus(Reptilia, Mosasauridae) and associated vertebrate and invertebrate fossils from the Pierre Shale (Campanian), Cooperstown Site, Griggs County, North Dakota. Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science 53:119-123.
Hogler, J.A. 1992.Taphonomy and paleoecology of Shonisaurus popularus(Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Palaios. 7:108-117.
Hogler, J.A. 1994. Speculations on the role of marine reptile deadfalls in Mesozoic deep-sea paleoecology. Palaios 9(1):42-47.
Holland, W.J. 1905. A new crocodile from the Jurassic of Wyoming. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 3(3):431-434, pl. XVI.
Holland, W.J. 1908. An undetermined element in the osteology of the mosasauridae, Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 4:162-167.
Holmes, R.B. 1996. Plioplatecarpus primaevus (Mosasauridae) from the Bearpaw Formation (Campanian, Upper Cretaceous) of the North American Western Interior Seaway, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16(4):673-687. (excellent illustrations)
Holmes, R., Caldwell, M.W. and Cumbaa, S.L. 1999. A new specimen of Plioplatecarpus(Mosasauridae) from the lower Maastrichtian of Alberta: comments on allometry, functional morphology, and paleoecology. Can. J. Earth Science 36:363-369.
Holmes, R., Cheng, Y-N and Wu, X-C. 2008. New information of the skull of Keichousaurus hui (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) with comments on sauropterygian relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(1): 76-84.
Holmes, R. B. and H-D. Sues. 2000. A partial skeleton of the basal mosasaur Halisaurus platyspondylus from the Severn Formation (upper Cretaceous: Maastrichtian) of Maryland, Journal of Paleontology, 74(2):309-316. <RH/HDS>
Hooks, G. E., III. 1998. Systematic revision of the Protostegidae, with a redescription of Carcarichelys gemma Zangerl, 1957. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18(1):85-98.
Horner, J.R. 1979. Upper Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Bearpaw Shale (marine) of south-central Montana with a checklist of upper Cretaceous dinosaur remains from marine sediments in North America. Journal Paleont. 53(3):566-577.
Houssaye, A. 2008. A preliminary report on the evolution of the vertebral microanatomy within mosasauroids (Reptilia, Squamata). Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 81-90.
Houssaye, A. and Tafforeau, P. 2012.What vertebral microanatomy reveals about the ecology of juvenile mosasaurs (Reptilia, Squamata). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32(5):1042-1048.
Huene, F. von. 1910. Ein ganzes Tylosaurus-Skelett. Geologisch Pal. Abh., Jena (N.F.) VIII XII 297-314, pls. xli, xlii (Heft VI, 1-22, pls. (A completeTylosaurus skeleton)
Huene, F. von. 1911. Über einen Platecarpus in Tübingen. Separat-Abdruck aus dem neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, p. 48-50, pl. III. (featuring a complete Platecarpus skeleton from near the Chalk Bluffs, in Logan Co., Kansas, collected by C. H. Sternberg in 1907)
Huene, F. von. 1919. Bilder aus der paläontologischen Universitätssammlung in Tübingen. Jahresh. Ver. Naturk. Württemberg LXXV 177-184, pls. VI-VIII. (Pictures from the paleontology collection of the University of Tubingen)
Huene,
F. von. 1921. Reptilian and stegocephalian remains from the Triassic of
Huene, F. von. 1923. Ein neuer Plesiosaurer aus dem oberen Lias Wurttembergs. Sonder-Abzug auz "Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländishe Naturkunde in Württemberg" 79:1-21, pl. 1-2.
Huene, E. von. 1935. Mosasaurier-Zähne von Timor. Centralbl. Min. Geol. Pal., Abt. B 10 412-416, 3 figs.
Hulke, J. W. 1870. Note on some plesiosaurian remains obtained by J. C. Mansel, Esq., F. G. S. in Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London. 26:611-622. Pl. 41.
Humphries, S., Bonser, R.H.C., Witton, M.P., and Martill, D.M. 2007. Did pterosaurs feed by skimming? Physical modeling and anatomical evaluation of an unusual feeding method. PLoS Biology 5(8):1648-1655.
Hunt, A. P. and Lucas, S. G. 1993. Cretaceous vertebrates of New Mexico. in Lucas, S. G. and J. Zidek (eds.). Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. Bulletin 2:77-92.
Ifrim, C., Buchy, M.-C., Smith, K.T., and Giersch, S. 2008. Paleoenvironment and preliminary description of early Turonian (Late Cretaceous) aquatic squamates from Vallecillo, north-eastern Mexico. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 47-62.
Irwin, K.J. 2008. Mosasaurs of the Marlbrook Marl Formation (Late Campanian): with a historical review of the Late Cretaceous marine reptile paleontology of Arkansas. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 63-72.
Jacobs, L.L., Ferguson, K., Polcyn, M.J. and Rennison, C. 2005. Cretaceous 13C stratigraphy and the age of dolichosaurs and early mosasaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 257-268
Jacobs, L.L., Polcyn, M.J., Taylor, L.H. and Ferguson, K. 2005. Sea-surface temperatures and palaeoenvironments of dolichosaurs and early mosasaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 269-282.
Jagt, J.W.M. 2005. Stratigraphic ranges of mosasaurs in Belgium and the Netherlands (Late Cretaceous) and cephalopod-based correlations with North America. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 283-302.
Jagt, J. W. M., 1995. Mosasauriers in het Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht Opnieuw onder de loep Genomen (Mosasaurs in the Museum of Natural History Maastricht - a review). Natuurhistorisch Maandblad, 84(2):46-59.
Jagt, J.W.M., Cornelissen, D., Mulder, E.W.A., Schulp, A.S., Severijns, J. and Verding, L. 2008. The youngest in siturecord to date of Mosasaurus hoffmanni (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Maastrichtian Type Area, The Netherlands. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 73-80.
Jagt, J.W.M., Lindgren, J., Machalski, M. and Radwakski, A. 2005. New records of the tylosaurine mosasaur Hainosaurus from the Campanian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of central Poland. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 303-306.
Jagt, J. W. M., A. S. Schulp, R. W. Dortangs, and F. Fonken, 2001. New data on durophagous mosasaurs from the type Maastrichtian. Muese - Rhine Euregio Geologists Meeting (Geologica Belgica), program abstracts.
Jeletzky, J. A., 1955. Belemnitella praecursor, probably from the Niobrara of Kansas, and some stratigraphic implications. Journal Pal. 29(5):903-914.
Kanie, Y., Y. Hasegawa, Y. Okazaki, and M. Tatematsu, 1998. Vampyromorph: past and present - Cretaceous Vampyromorph (Coleoidea: Cephalopoda) as the diet of [a] plesiosaur. Bulletin Gunma Mus. Nat. Hist. 2:11-22.
Kase, T., P. A. Johnston, A. Seilacher, and J. B. Boyce, 1998. Alleged mosasaur bite marks on Late Cretaceous ammonites are limpet (patellogastropod) home scars. Geology 26(10):947-950.
Kass, M. S., 1999. Prognathodon stadtmani: (Mosasauridae) A new species from the Mancos Shale (Lower Campanian) of western Colorado. in Gillette, D. D. (ed.) Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication 99-1:275-294.
Kauffman, E. G. and R. V. Kesling, 1960. An Upper Cretaceous ammonite bitten by a mosasaur. University of Michigan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology. 15(9)193-248,9 pl. 7 fig.
Kauffman, E. G. 2004. Mosasaur predation on Upper Cretaceous nautiloids and ammonites from the United States Pacific Coast. Palaios 19(1):96-100.
Kayser, R. 1900. Eine wohlerhaltene fossile Eidechse (Tylosaurus dyspelor). Die Umschau, 4:S. 146-148. <SS>
Kear, B.P. 2003. Cretaceous marine reptiles of Australia: a review of taxonomy and distribution. Cretaceous Research 24 (2003) 277–303.
Kear, B.P. 2006. First gut contents in
a Cretaceous sea turtle. Biological Letters 2:113-115.
Kear, B.P., Long, J.A. and Martin, J.E. 2005. A review of Australian mosasaur occurrences. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 307-314.
Kear, B.P. Schroeder, N.I., Vickers-Rich, P. and Rich, T.H. 2006. Early Cretaceous high-latitude marine reptile assemblages from southern Australia. Paludicola 5(4):200-205
Ketchum, H. and Smith, A.S. 2010. The anatomy and taxonomy of Macroplata
tenuiceps (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Hettangian (Lower Jurassic)
of
Kiernan, C. R., 1992. Clidastes Cope, 1868 (Reptilia, Sauria): Proposed designation of Clidastes propython Cope, 1869 as the type species. Bulletin Zool. Nomencl. 49 p. 137-139.
Kiernan, C. R., 2002. Stratigraphic distribution and habitat segregation of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of western and central Alabama, with an historical review of Alabama mosasaur discoveries. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(1):91-103.
Kirkland, J. I., 1996. Paleontology of the Greenhorn cyclothem (Cretaceous: Late Cenomanian to middle Turonian) at Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 9, 131 p., 50 pls. (I have pages 110-113 listing vertebrate remains).<EM>
Klein, N. 2012. Postcranial morphology
and growth of the pachypleurosaur Anarosaurus
heterodontus (Sauropterygia) from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk, The
Knight, C., 1844. Pictorial museum of animated nature and companion for the zoological gardens. (excerpted pages regarding dinosaurs and marine reptiles, with figures.
Knight, C. 1873. On the teeth of the Leiodon. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 6:358-364.
Knight, C. R., 1935. Before the dawn of history. McGraw-Hill Book Co. York, PA. 119 pp.
Knight, W. C., 1898. Some new Jurassic vertebrates from Wyoming. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 5(27):186. <EM>
Knight, W. C., 1898. Some new Jurassic vertebrates [Megalneurasaurus, giant pliosaur] from Wyoming. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 5(29):378-380. <EM>
Knight, W. C., 1903. Some notes on the genus Baptanodon, with a description of a new species. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 16(91):76-81. <EM>
Kobayashi, Y., J-C Lu, Z. M. Dong, R. Barsbold, Y. Azuma, and Y. Tomida, 1999. Herbivorous diet in an ornithomimid dinosaur, Nature, 402(480-481). (Gastroliths)
Koken, E. and H. Linder, 1913. Osteologische Notizen über Muraenosaurus.Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie 1:101-115. (Translated by from the German by Richard Forrest, available in .doc format at the Polygot Paleontologist)
Konishi, T. 2008. A new specimen of Selmasaurus sp., cf. S. russelli (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpini) from Greene County, western Alabama, USA . Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 95-105.
Konishi, T. 2008. Southernmost occurrence of Platecarpus planifrons (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Tombigbee Sand Member (Middle Santonian) of Alabama, USA, and a revised biostratigraphy of the genus. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 106-114.
Konishi, T. and Caldwell, M. W. 2007. New specimens of Platecarpus planifrons (Cope, 1874) (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and a revised taxonomy of the genus: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(1): 59-72.
Konishi, T. and Caldwell, M.W. 2009. New material of the mosasaur Plioplatecarpus nichollsae Cuthbertson et al., 2007, clarifies problematic features of the holotype specimen. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(2): 427-436.
Konishi, T.,
Konuki, R. 2008. Biostratigraphy of sea
turtles and possible bite marks on a Toxochelys (Testudine, Chelonioidea) from
the Niobrara Formation (Late Santonian),
Kosch, B. F., 1990. A revision of the skeletal reconstruction of Shonisaurus popularis (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10(4):512-514.
Kues, B. S. and S. G. Lucas, 1985. Mosasaur remains from the Lewis Shale (Upper Cretaceous), southwestern Colorado, Journal of Paleontology, 59(6):1395-1400.
Kuypers, M. M. M., J. W. M. Jagt, H. H. G. Peeters, and D. Th. de Graaf, 1998. Laat-kretaceische mosasauriers uit Luik-Limburg: Nieuwe vondsten leiden tot nieuweinzichten. Publicaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg, 41(1): 4-47. (Late Cretaceous mosasaurs from Liege-Limburg: new finds lead to new insights)
Lamb, J. P. 1989. Functional hearing in mosasaurs reassessed. Journal Alabama Academy of Science 60(3):144. (Abs.)
Lane, H. H. 1945. A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas. Part I: The fishes. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 47:129-176, 7 pls.
Lane, H. H. 1945. A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas. Part II: Amphibia. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 48:286-316, 7 figs.
Lane, H. H. 1946. A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas, Part III, The Reptiles, Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 49(3):289-332, 7 figs..
Lane, H. H. 1946. A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas, Part IV, Birds, Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 49(4):390-400.
Langston, W. Jr. 1949. A new species of Paleorhinusfrom the Triassic of Texas. American Journal of Science 247:324-341, 3 figs.
Langston, W. Jr. 1956. The shell of Basilemys varialosa (Cope). Bulletin Nation. Mus. Canada 147:155-163, 2 figs., 2 pls.
Langston, W. Jr. 1956. The Sebecosuchia: cosmopolitan crocodilians?. American
Journal of Science 254:605-614, 1 fig., 1 table.
Langston, W. Jr. 1966. Mourasuchus Price, Nettosuchus Langston, and the
Family Nettosuchidae (Reptilia: Crocodilia). Copeia. 4:882-885.
Langston, W. Jr. 1966. The Onion Creek mosasaur. Texas Memorial Museum, Museum Notes No.
10, 24 pp.
Langston, W. Jr. 1975. Ziphodont crocodiles: Pristichampus vorax(Troxell), new combination, from the Eocene of North America. Fieldiana Geology,
33(16):291-314.
Langston, W. Jr. 1978. A yearling crocodilian from the middle Eocene Green River Formation
of Colorado. Journal of Paleontology 52(1):122-125, 4 text-figs.
Langston, W. Jr., 1981. Pterosaurs. Science American. 244:122-136.
Lauber, P. and D. Henderson. 1991. Living with dinosaurs, Bradbury Press, 48 pages. (Chapter 1, “Sea, Shore and Sky” has some excellent illustrations by D. Henderson of marine reptiles, Pteranodons and birds. General audiences)
Lauginiger, E. M. 1986. An Upper Cretaceous vertebrate assemblage from Big Brook, New Jersey. Mosasaur 3:53-61, 2 pl.
Lawson, D. A. 1975. Pterosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of West Texas: Discovery of the largest flying creature. Science 187:947-948.
Lazo, D. G., and M. Cichowolski. 2003. First plesiosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous of the Nequén Basin, Argentina. Journal of Paleontology 77(4):784-789.
LeConte, J. L. 1868. Notes on the geology of the survey for the extension of the Union Pacific Railway, E. D., from the Smoky Hill River, Kansas, to the Rio Grande. Review Printing House, Philadelphia, 76 p. with folded map. (Includes addendum by E. D. Cope on E. platyurus)
Lee, M. S. 1997. The phylogeny of varanoid lizards and the affinities of snakes. Philadelphia Transactions: Biol. Science 352(1349):53-91.
Lee, M. S. 2001. Snake origins and the need for scientific agreement on vernacular names. Paleobiology, 27(1):1-6.
Lee, M. S., G. L. Bell, Jr. and M. W. Caldwell. 1999. The origin of snake feeding, Nature, 400:655-659.
Lee, M. S. and M. W. Caldwell. 2000. Adriosaurus and the affinities of mosasaurs, dolichosaurs and snakes. J. Paleontology 74(5):915-937.
Leidy, J. 1851. [Descriptions of a number of fossil reptiles and mammals.]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 325-328, v pl.
Leidy, J. 1854. [Remarks on exhibiting to the Society four vertebrć of a huge extinct Saurian from Arkansas]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7(3):72, pl. II. (for meeting of May 23, 1954)
Leidy, J. 1855. Indications of twelve species of fossil fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7(10):395-397. (includes Enchodus ferox Leidy 1855....formally called Sphyraena; mis-identified by Cope (1868) as part of the stomach contents of Elasmosaurus platyurus)
Leidy, J. 1856. Remarks on certain extinct species of fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8:301-302.
Leidy, J. 1858. [Remarks on the teeth of Mosasaurus]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9:176. [MC]
Leidy, J. 1865. Memoir on the extinct reptiles of the Cretaceous formations of the United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge14(6):1-135, pls. I-XX. (partial copy)
Leidy, J. 1868. Notice of American species of Ptychodus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20:205-208.
Leidy, J. 1868. [Photographs of fossil bones] Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20:315. (Leidy exhibited photographs of the fossil bones of a Mosasaurus from near Fort Wallace, Kansas that was estimated to be about 70 feet in length).
Leidy, J. 1870. (Remarks on Elasmosaurus platyurus).Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22:9-10. (for meeting of March 8, 1870). A brief summary of Leidy's March 8 remarks were printed in the July 21, 1870 issue of Nature 2:248.
Leidy, J. 1870. [Remarks on ichthyodorulites and on certain fossil Mammalia]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22:12-13. (The naming of Xiphactinus audax from a fragment of a pectoral fin found by Dr. George M. Sternberg in the chalk of western Kansas; this pre-dates Cope's 1871 description of Portheus molossus.
Leidy, J. 1870. Discosaurus and its allies. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22:18-22. (April 5, 1870)
Leidy, J. 1870. On the Elasmosaurus platyurusof Cope. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 49(147):392. (for May meeting)
Leidy, J. 1870. On Discosaurus and its allies. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 50(148):139-140.
Leidy, J. 1870. [Summaries of Leidy's reports to the ANSP, March 8 and April 5, 1870]. Nature, 2:248 (issue of July 21, 1870)
Leidy, J. 1872. Remarks on fossil shark teeth. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 24:166. (meeting of July 9)
Leidy, J. 1873. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western interior territories. Rept., U.S. Geological Survey Territories (Hayden) 1:358 pp., 37 pls.
Lesquereux, L. 1868. On some Cretaceous fossil plants from Nebraska. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 46(136):91-105. (for July)
Lewy Z. A., Milner A. C. and Patterson, C. 1993. Remarkably preserved natural endocranial casts of pterosaur and fish from the Late Cretaceous of Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Current Research, 7; 31-35.
Liggett, G. A. 2001. Dinosaurs to Dung Beetles: Expeditions through time - A guide to the Sternberg Museum of Natural History. Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Hays, KS. 127 p.
Liggett, G. A. 2005. A review of the dinosaurs from Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science. Transactions 108(1/2): 1-14.
Liggett, G. A., S. C. Bennett, K. Shimada and J. Huenergarde. 1997. A Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) fauna in Russell county, KS. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions Abstracts. 16:26
Liggett, G. A., K. Shimada, S. C. Bennett and B. Schumacher. 2005. Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) reptiles from northwestern Russell County, Kansas. PaleoBios 25(2): 9-17.
Lindgren, J. 1998. Early Campanian mosasaurs (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from the Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden, Examensarbete I Geologi vid Lunds Universitet, 98:1-25.
Lindgren, J. 1999. Mosasaurierna - krithavens jätteödlor, Geologiskt forum, 21:3-7.
Lindgren, J. 2005. The first record of Hainosaurus (Reptilia: Mosasauridae) from Sweden. Journal of Paleontology 79(6): 1157-1165.
Lindgren, J., Alwmark, C.,
Lindgren, J., Caldwell, M.W. and Jagt, J.W.M. 2008. New data on the postcranial anatomy of the California mosasaur Plotosaurus bennisoni (Camp, 1942) (Upper Cretaceous: Maastrichtian), and the taxonomic status of P. tuckeri (Camp, 1942). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(4):1043-1054.
Lindgren,
J., M. W. Caldwell, T. Konishi,
and L. M. Chiappe. 2010. Convergent evolution in aquatic tetrapods: insights
from an exceptional fossil mosasaur. PLoS
ONE.
Lindgren, J. and M. J. Everhart. 2000. Remarks on two problematic mosasaur specimens from the Smoky Hill Chalk (late Cretaceous) of Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 19(abstracts):32.
Lindgren, J., Everhart, M.J. and
Lindgren, J. and Jagt, J.W.M. 2005. Danish mosasaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 315-320.
Lindgren, J., Jagt, J.W.M., and Caldwell, M.W. 2007. A fishy mosasaur: the axial skeleton of Plotosaurus. Lethaia 40: 153-160.
Lindgren, J., Polcyn, M.J. and Young, B.A.
2011. Landlubbers to leviathans: evolution of swimming in mosasaurine mosasaurs.
Paleobiology 37(3):445-469.
Lindgren, J. and Schulp, A.S. 2010. New material
of Prognathodon (Squamata: Mosasauridae, and the mosasaur assemblage of
the Maastrichtian of
Lindgren, J. and M. Silverson. 2002. Tylosaurus ivoensis: a giant mosasaur from the early Campanian of Sweden. Transactions Royal Society Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 93(1):73-93.
Lindgren, J. and M. Siverson. 2004. The first record of the mosasaur Clidastesfrom Europe and its palaeogeographical implications. Acta Palaeontolographica Pol. 49(2): 219-234.
Lindgren, J. and Siverson, M. 2005. Halisaurus sternbergi, a small mosasaur with intercontinental distribution. Journal of Paleontology 79(4): 763-773.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1991. Locomotion in mosasaurs, Modern Geology, 16:229-248.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1991. Mosasaurs from the upper Cretaceous of Niger, Palaeontology, 34(3):653-670.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1992. A new mode of locomotion in mosasaurs: Subaqueous flying in Plioplatecarpus marshii, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 12(4):405-421.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1992. The tylosaurine mosasaurs (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from the upper Cretaceous of Europe and Africa. Bulletin de L’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Sciences de la Terre, 62:171-194.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1993. The mosasaur Leiodon bares its teeth. Modern Geology. 18:443-458.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1994. Going out with a bang: the Cretaceous Tertiary extinction. Biologist, 41(5):215-218.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1994. First record of mosasaurs from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of Zaire. Paläont. Z. 68(1/2):259-265.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1994. The mosasaur "Angolasaurus" bocagei(Reptilia: Mosasauridae) from the Turonian of Angola re-interpreted as the earliest member of the genus Platecarpus, Paläont. Z. 68:1/2:267-282.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1994. The mosasaur Plioplatecarpus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from Upper Cretaceous of Europe, Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 64:177-221.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1995. The mosasaur Leiodon bares its teeth. pp. 483-498 (Chapter 28) In Sarjeant, W. A. S. (ed.), Vertebrate fossils and the evolution of scientific concepts, Gorden and Breach Publishers. (This is a republication of Lingham-Soliar, 1993 (above))
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1995. Anatomy and functional morphology of the largest marine reptile known, Mosasaurus hoffmanni (Mosasauridae, Reptilia) from the Upper Cretaceous, Upper Maastrichtian of the Netherlands, Philadelphia Transactions R. Society Lond. B. 347:155-180.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1996. The first description of Halisaurus (Reptilia Mosasauridae) from Europe from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium. Bulletin De L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 66:129-136.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1998. A new mosasaur Pluridens walkeri from the Upper Cretaceous Maastrichtian of the Lullemmeden Basin, southwest Niger, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18(4):709-717.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1998, Unusual death of a Cretaceous giant, Lethaia, Vol. 31:308-310.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1998. Taphonomic evidence for fast tuna-like swimming in
Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und
Palaeontologie. Abhandlungen (Stuttgart) 207(2):171-183.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. A functional analysis of the skull of Goronyosaurus
nigeriensis (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and its bearing on the predatory behavior and
evolution of this enigmatic taxon. N. Jb. Geological Paläont. Abh. 213(3):355-374.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. The durophagous mosasaurs (Lepidosauromorpha, Squamata) Globidensand Carinodens from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium and the Netherlands.
Paleontological Journal. 33(6):638-647, translated from the Russian, Paleontologicheski
Zhurnal 6:34-43.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. Rare soft tissue preservation showing fibrous structures in an
ichthyosaur from the Lower Lias (Jurassic) of England. Proceedings R. Society Lond. B.
266: 2367-2373.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. What happened 65 million years ago: The study of giant marine
reptiles throws new light on the last major mass extinction, Science
Spectra, 17:20-29.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. A reappraisal of subaqueous flight in mosasaurs. N.Jb. Geological Paläeont. Abh. 213(2):145-167.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2000. Plesiosaur locomotion: Is the four-wing problem real or merely an atheoretical exercise? N. Jb. für Geologie und Paläontologie Abh. 217:45-87. (See an on-line summary of this article HERE)
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2000. The mosasaur Mosasaurus lemonnieri (Lepidosauromorpha, Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium and The Netherlands. Paleontological Journal 34(Supplement 2):S225-S237. (Journal of the Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences)
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2001. The ichthyosaur integument: skin fibers, a means for a strong, flexible and smooth skin. Lethaia, 34(4):287-302.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2002. First occurrence of premaxillary caniniform teeth in the Varanoidea: Presence in the extinct mosasaur Goronyosaurus (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and its functional and paleoecological considerations. Lethaia, 35:187-190.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2003. Extinction of ichthyosaurs: A catastrophic or evolutionary paradigm? Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie. Abhandlungen (Stuttgart) 228(3): 421-452.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2003. Evolution in birds: Ichthyosaur integumental fibers conform to dromaeosaur protofeathers. Naturwissenchaften 909: 428-432.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2004. Palaeopathology and injury in extinct mosasaurs (Lepidosauromorpha, Squamata) and implications for modern reptiles. Lethaia 37: 255-262.
Lingham-Soliar, T. and D. Nolf. 1989. The mosasaur Prognathodon(Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium, Bulletin de L’Institute Royal Des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 59:137-190.
Logan, W. N. 1897. The upper Cretaceous of Kansas; with an introduction by Erasmus Haworth. Kansas University Geological Survey, 2:194-234.
Lomax, D.R. 2010. An Ichthyosaurus (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) with gastric contents from Charmouth,
England: First report of the genus from the Pliensbachian. Paludicola 8(1):22-36.
Long, J.A. 1998. Dinosaurs of Australia and New Zealand and other animals of the Mesozoic Era. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney,188 pp.
Long, J.A. 1998. New Zealand dinosaurs, marine reptiles and pterosaurs. pp. 160-172. In Dinosaurs of Australia and New Zealand and other animals of the Mesozoic era. Harvard University Press.
Loomis, F. B. 1915, A new mosasaur from the Ft. Pierre, American Journal of Science, Series 4, 39(233):555-566.
Lucas,
F.A. 1902. The greatest flying creature, the great Pterodactyl Ornithostoma.
Report of the Smithsonian Institution 1901:654-659.
Lucas, F. A. 1903. A new plesiosaur. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 45:96, pl. XXVIII (Quarterly Issue Vol. 1), 1457.
Lucas, S. G. 1994. Late Cretaceous pliosaurs (Eurapsida: Plesiosauroida) from the Black Mesa Basin, Arizona, U. S. A. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 28(1/2):41-45.
Lucas, S. G. 1997 Marine reptiles and Mesozoic biochronology. pp.423-434, InCallaway J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Lucas, S. G. 1982. Ichthyornis in the Late Cretaceous Mancos Shale (Juana Lopez Member), Northwest New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 56(2):545-547.
Lundelius, E. Jr. and S. St. J. Warne. 1960. Mosasaur remains from the upper Cretaceous of Western Australia, Journal of Paleontology, 34(6):1215-1217.
Lydekker, R. 1889. On the skeleton of a sauropterygian from the Oxford clay near Bedford. Quarterly Journal, Geological Society London, 45:48-56, pl. 2.
Lydekker, R. 1890. Contributions to our knowledge of the dinosaurs of the Wealden and the Sauropterygians of the Purbeck and Oxford Clay. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, 46:47-53, pl. 5.
Lydekker, R. 1894. Notes on the Sauropterygia of the Oxford and Kimmeridge Clays, mainly based on the collection of Mr. Leeds at Eyebury. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 35(144):350-356. Meeting of Jan. 5, 1894.
Lyons, P. D., M. Rioux, and R. T. Patterson. 2000. Application of a three-dimensional color laser scanner to paleontology: An interactive model of a juvenile Tylosaurus sp. basisphenoid-basioccipital. Palaeontologia Electronica, vol. 3, issue 2, art. 5: 16pp., 2.04MB. (Downloadable .pdf version available HERE or visit Palaeontologia Electronica)
Machalski, M., J. W. M. Jagt, R. W. Dortangs, E. W. A. Mulder and A. Radwanski. 2003. Campanian and Maastrichtian mosasaurid reptiles from central Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48(3):397-408.
Maddock, L., Q. Bone and J. M. V. Rayner (eds). 1994. Mechanics and physiology of animal swimming. Cambridge University Press, 245 pp.
Maisch, M. W. and M. Rücklin. 2000. Cranial osteology of the sauropterygianPlesiosaurus brachypterygius from the lower Toarcian of Germany. Palaeontology 43(1)29-40.
Maisch, M. W. and A. T. Matzke. 2003. The cranial osteology of the ichthyosaur Leptonectescf. Tenuirostris from the Lower Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(1):116-127.
Maloney, C. 1996. Biostratigraphy of late Cretaceous marine chelonia of North America. GSA RM Sect. Ann. Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, 28(4):16.
Manning, E. M. and D. T. Dockery III. 1992. A guide to the Frankstown vertebrate fossil locality (upper Cretaceous), Prentiss County, Mississippi. Mississippi Dept. Env. Qual., Office of Geo. Circular 4, 43 p. 2 pl. <EM>
Manning, E. M. 1994. Dr. William Spillman (1806-1886), pioneer paleontologist of Mississippi. Mississippi Geology. 15(4):64-69. <EM>
Mantell, G. A. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Part 2. Report of the Eleventh Meeting (at Plymouth, 1841), British Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 60-204. (Coining of the word "Dinosauria", discussion of Plesiosaurus) <EM>
Mantell, G. A. 1854. The medals of creation, or first lessons in Geology, and the study of organic remains. Henry G. Bohn, London, vol. 2, xi + 447-930. (Mantell mentions "the graphic simile of Professor Sedgwick, that the Plesiosaurusmight be compared to a serpent threaded through the shell of a turtle." p. 671). <EM>
Marck, W. von Der. 1858. Ueber einige Wirbelthiere, Kruster und Cephalopoden der Westfälischen Kreide. Zeitschr. deutsch. Geologishen Ges. X 231-271, pls. VI,VII. (in German)
Marsh, O. C. 1869. Notice of some new mosasauroid reptiles from the Green-sand of New Jersey. American Journal of Science 48(144):392-397.
Marsh, O. C. 1870. [Cretaceous and Tertiary birds of the U.S.] Nature (London), 1:546, issue of March 24, 1870. (Report of a Jan. 11, 1870 talk at the Kansas Academy of Nat. Science Philadelphia).
Marsh, O. C. 1871. Scientific expedition to the Rocky Mountains. American
Journal of Science Series 3, 1(2):142-143.
Marsh, O. C. 1871. On the geology of the eastern Uintah Mountains. American Journal of
Science, Series 3, 1(3):191-198. (Uintacrinus)
Marsh,
O.C. 1871. On new reptiles and fishes from the Cretaceous and Tertiary, chiefly
from the
Marsh, O. C. 1871. Note on a new and gigantic species of Pterodactyle. American Journal of Science Series 3 1(6):472.
Marsh, O. C. 1871. Notice of some new fossil reptiles from the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations. American Journal of Science Series 3 1(6):447-459.
Marsh, O. C. 1872. Discovery of a remarkable fossil bird. American Journal of Science, series 3, 3(13):56-57. (Hesperornis)
Marsh, O. C. 1872. Discovery of a new and remarkable fossil bird. American Journal of Science Series 3, 4(22):344. (Ichthyornis)
Marsh, O. C. 1872. Notice of a new reptile from the Cretaceous. American Journal of Science, Series 3. 4(23):406.
Marsh, O. C. 1872. Discovery of additional remains of Pterosauria, with descriptions of two new species. American Journal of Science Series 3, 16:241-248.
Marsh, O. C. 1872. Discovery of the dermal scutes of mosasaurid reptiles. American Journal of Science Series 3, 16:290-292
Marsh, O. C. 1872. Notice of a new species of Hadrosaurus.American Journal of Science Series 3, 16:301. ( First dinosaur from the Niobrara Chalk)
Marsh, O. C. 1872. Preliminary description of Hesperornis regalis, with notices of four other new species of Cretaceous birds. American Journal of Science 3(17):360-365.
Marsh, O. C. 1872. On the structure of the skull and limbs in mosasaurid reptiles, with descriptions of new genera and species. American Journal of Science 3(18):448-464, pl. 10-13.
Marsh, O. C. 1872. Note on Rhinosaurus. American Journal of Science 4(20):147.
Marsh, O. C. 1872. New and remarkable fossils. American Naturalist 6:495-497.
Marsh,
O.C. 1873. Notice of a new species of Ichthyornis.
American Journal of Science, Series 3, 5(15):74.
Marsh, O.C. 1873. On a new sub-class of fossil birds (Odontornithes). American Journal of Science. Series 3, 5(25):161-162.
Marsh, O.C. 1873. Fossil birds from the Cretaceous of North America. American Journal of Science Series 3, 5(27):229-231.
Marsh,
O.C. 1873. On a new subclass of fossil birds (Odontornithes). Geological
Magazine 10:115-116.
Marsh, O. C. 1875. On the Odontornithes, or birds with teeth. American Journal of Science 10(59):403-408, pl. 9-10.
Marsh, O. C. 1875. Odontornithes, or birds with teeth. American Naturalist.
9(12):625-631, pl. 2-3.
Marsh, O. C. 1876. Recent discoveries of extinct animals. American Journal of Science
Series 3, 12(67):59-61.
Marsh, O. C. 1876. Notice of a new sub-order of Pterosauria. American Journal of Science,
Series 3, 11( 65):507-509.
Marsh, O. C. 1876. Notice of new Odontornithes. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 11( 65):509-511.
Marsh, O.C. 1876.Recent discoveries of extinct animals. The American Naturalist, 10:436-439.
Marsh, O.C. 1876. Principal characters of American pterodactyls. American Journal of Science Series 3, 12(72):479-480.
Marsh, O.C. 1877. Introduction and Succession of Vertebrate Life in America. American Journal of Science Series 3, 14(83):337-378.
Marsh, O.C. 1877. Characters of the Odontonithes, with a notice of a new allied genus. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 14:85-87, 1 figure. (Naming and description of Baptornis advenus)
Marsh,
O.C. 1879. The vertebrae of recent birds. American Journal of Science, 3rdSeries, 17:266-269.
Marsh, O.C. 1880. New characters of mosasauroid reptiles. American Journal of Science Series 3, 19:83-87, with pl. i a.
Marsh, O.C. 1880. The limbs of Sauranodon, with notice of a new species. American Journal Science, Series 3, 19:169-171, with 1 fig.
Marsh, O.C. 1880. Note on Sauranodon. American Journal of Science 3
p. 491.
Marsh, O.C. 1880. Odontornithes:
A monograph on the extinct toothed birds of North America. U.S. Geological Expl. 40th
Parallel (King), vol. 7, xv + 201 p., 34 pl. (Synopsis of American Cretaceous birds,
appendix 191-199)
Marsh, O.C. 1881. Note on American pterodactyls. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 21(124):342-343.
Marsh, O.C. 1882. The wings of Pterodactyles. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 23(136):251-256, pl. III.
Marsh, O. C. 1883. Birds with Teeth. 3rd Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior, 3: 43-88. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Marsh, O.C. 1884. Principal characters of American Cretaceous pterodactyls. Part I. The skull of Pteranodon. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 27(161):422-426, pl. 15.
Marsh, O.C. 1890. Additional characters of the Ceratopsidae, with notice of new Cretaceous dinosaurs. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 39(233): 418-426, with pls. v-vii. <JD>
Marsh, O. C. 1891. Geological horizons as determined by vertebrate fossils. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 42:336-338, with pl. XII. (naming of Parasaurus striatus, a small Jurassic plesiosaur - no description)
Marsh, O. C. 1893. A new Cretaceous bird allied with Hesperornis. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 45(265):81-82.
Marsh, O. C. 1898. Presentation of Professor Marsh's collections to Yale University. Science, 7(160):77-79.
Martill, D. M. 1986. The stratigraphic distribution and preservation of fossil vertebrates in the Oxford Clay of England. Mercian Geologist 10(3):161-188, 17 figs, 3 pl.
Martill, D.M. 1992. Pliosaur stomach contents from the Oxford Clay. Mercian Geologist 13(1):37-42.
Martill, D. M. and M. J. Barker, 2000. An ammonite steinkern gastrolith from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England. N. Jb. Geological Paläont. Mh. 2000(3):186-192.
Martill, D.M., A.R. I. Cruickshank, M. A. Taylor, and J. A. Hogler. 1995. Speculations on the role of marine reptile deadfalls in Mesozoic deep-sea paleoecology: Comment and Reply. Palaios 10(1):96-97.
Martin,
D.J. and Shimada, K. 2008. Lithostratigraphy and depositional environment of the
Martin, J. E. 1982. Coprolites from the Pierre Shale in South Dakota. Proceedings South Dakota Academy of Science 61:171 (Abstract).
Martin, J. E. 1994. A baby plesiosaur from the late Cretaceous Pierre Shale, Fall River County, South Dakota. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to 3):35-36A.
Martin, J. E. 1994. Gastric residues in marine reptiles from the late Cretaceous Pierre Shale in South Dakota: Their bearing on extinction. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to 3):36A.
Martin, J. E. 1996. Disconformities of the lower Pierre Shale (Cretaceous) of South Dakota. GSA Abstracts with Programs, GSA RM Sect. Ann. Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, 28(4):16.
Martin, J. E. 2007. A new species of the durophagous mosasaur, Globidens (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale Group of central South Dakota, USA. Pages 167-176 in Martin, J. E. and Parris D. C. (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427.
Martin, J. E. 2007. A North American Hainosaurus(Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of southern South Dakota. Pages 199-207 in Martin, J. E. and Parris D. C. (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427.
Martin, J. E., G. L. Bell, and J. L. Bertog. 1996. Biostratigraphic ranges and biozonation of mosasaurs (Reptilia) within the late Cretaceous of the North American epicontinental seaway. GSA RM Sect. Ann. Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, 28(4):16.
Martin, J. E, Bertog, J. L. and Parris, D. C. 2007. Revised lithostratigraphy of the lower Pierre Shale Group (Campanian) of central South Dakota, including newly designated members. Pages 9-21 in Martin, J. E. and Parris D. C. (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427.
Martin, J.E. and Bell, G.L. Jr. 1995. Abnormal caudal vertebrae of mosasauridae from Late Cretaceous marine deposits of South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science 74:23-27.
Martin, J. E. and P. R. Bjork. 1987. Gastric residues associated with a mosasaur from the late Cretaceous (Campanian) Pierre Shale in South Dakota, Dakoterra, 3:68-72.
Martin, J. E. and Cordes-Person, A. 2007.A new species of the diving bird, Baptornis (Ornithurae: Hesperornithiformes), from the lower Pierre Shale Group (Upper Cretaceous) of southwestern South Dakota. Pages 227-237 in Martin, J. E. and Parris D. C. (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427.
Martin, J.E. and Fernández, M. 2007. The synonymy of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur (Squamata) genus Lakumasaurus from Antarctica with Taniwhasaurusfrom New Zealand and its bearing upon faunal similarity within the Weddellian Province. Geological Journal 42(2): 203-211.
Martin, J. E. and Fox, J. E. 2007. Stomach contents of Globidens, a shell-crushing mosasaur (Squamata), from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale Group, Big Bend area of the Missouri River, central South Dakota. Pages 167-176 in Martin, J. E. and Parris D. C. (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427.
Martin, J. E. and L. E. Kennedy. 1988. A plesiosaur from the late Cretaceous (Campanian) Pierre Shale of South Dakota: A preliminary report, Proceedings South Dakota Academy of Science, 67:76-79.
Martin, J. E. and A. J. Kihm. 1988. Two unusual stratigraphic occurrences of plesiosaurs from late Cretaceous formations of the Black Hills area, Wyoming and South Dakota. Proceedings South Dakota Academy of Science, 67:73-75.
Martin, J. E., B. A. Schumacher, D. C. Parris, and B. S. Grandstaff. 1998. Fossil vertebrates of the Niobrara Formation in South Dakota, Dakoterra 5:39-54.
Martin, J.E. and Varner, D.W. 1992. The occurrence of Hesperornis in the Late Cretaceous Niobrara Formation of South Dakota. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science 71:95-97.
Martin, J.E. and Varner, D.W. 1992. The highest stratigraphic occurrence of the fossil bird Baptornis. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science 71:167 (abstract).
Martin, L. D. 1984. A new hesperornithid and the relationships of the Mesozoic birds. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 87:141-150.
Martin, L. D. 1990. Sea monsters of the Midwest, BrightChild Books, Lincoln, NB. (General audiences)
Martin, L. D. 1994. S.W. Williston and the exploration of the Niobrara Chalk, Earth Sciences History, 13(2):138-142.
Martin, L. D. and O. Bonner. 1977. An immature specimen of Baptornis advenus from the Cretaceous of Kansas. The Auk 94:787-789.
Martin, L. D. and B. M. Rothschild. 1989, Paleopathology and diving mosasaurs. American Scientist, 77:460-467.
Martin, L.D. and Lim, J.-D. 2002. New information on the hesperornithiform radiation. pp. 165-169 in Zhou, Z., and Zhang, F. (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution.
Martin, L. D. and J. D. Stewart. 1977. The oldest (Turonian) mosasaurs from Kansas, Journal of Paleontology 51(5):973-975.
Martin, L. D., and J. D. Stewart. 1977. Teeth in Ichthyornis (Class: Aves). Science, 185(4284):1331-1332.
Martin, L. D. and J. D. Stewart. 1982. An ichthyornithiform bird from the Campanian of Canada. Can. J. Earth Science 19:324-327.
Martin, L. D. and J. D. Stewart. 1996. Implantation and replacement of bird teeth. Smithsonian Contr. Paleobiology 89:295-300.
Martin, L. D., J. D. Stewart and K. N. Whetstone, Jr. 1980. The origin of birds: structure of the tarsus and teeth. Auk 97:86-93.
Martin, L.D. and J. Tate Jr. 1966. A bird with teeth. Museum Notes, University of Nebraska State Museum, 29:1-2.
Martin, L. D., and J. Tate, Jr. 1976. The skeleton of Baptornis advenus(Aves: Hesperornithiformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 27:35-66.
Martin, H.T. 1907. Some new features of Uintacrinus. University
Massare, J. A. 1986. The guild structure of marine reptilian predators in the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Evolution, 7 pages w/figures and tables.
Massare, J. A. 1987. Tooth morphology and prey preference of Mesozoic marine reptiles, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 7(2):121-137.
Massare, J. A. 1988. Swimming capabilities of Mesozoic marine reptiles: Implications for method of predation, Paleobiology, 14(2):187-205.
Massare, J. A. 1991. Prehistoric Marine Reptiles, Franklin Watts. (A juvenile book)
Massare, J. A. 1994. Swimming capabilities of Mesozoic marine reptiles: a review, pp. 133-149, In Maddock, L., Bone, Q., and Rayner, J. M. V. (eds.), Mechanics and Physiology of Animal Swimming, Cambridge University Press.
Massare, J. A. 1994. Growth rates and heterochrony in mosasaur limbs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to 3):36A.
Massare, J. A. 1997. Part VI: Fauna, behavior and evolution; Introduction, pp. 401-421 In Callaway J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, eds, Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Massare, J.A., Buchholtz, E.A., Kenney, J.M. and Chomat, A.M. 2006. Vertebral morphology of Ophthalmosaurus natans (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Jurassic Sundance Formation of Wyoming. Paludicola 5(4):242-254
Massare, J. A. and J. M. Calloway. 1990. The affinities and ecology of Triassic ichthyosaurs. Bulletin, Geological Society of America 102:409-416.
Massare, J.A. and S.T. Sperber. 2001. Vertebral morphology and swimming styles in Cretaceous plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia). Paludicola 3(3): 95-103.
Mateus, O. 1998. Lourinhanosaurus antunesi, a new Upper Jurassic allosauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Lourinhă (Portugal). Memórias da Academia de Cięncias de Lisboa. 37: 111-124. (Webpage: gastroliths in a theropod dinosaur from Portugal)
Matsumoto, T., I. Obata, Y. Okazaki, and Y. Kanie. 1982. An interesting occurrence of a fossil reptile in the Cretaceous of the Obira Area, Hokkaido. Proc Jpn Acad B (58):109-113.
Matthew, W.D. 1916. A reptilian aëronaut; a new
skeleton of the giant flying reptile of the Cretaceous Period.
Maxwell, E. E. and M. W. Caldwell. 2003. First record of live birth in Cretaceous ichthyosaurs: closing an 80 million year gap. Proceedings R. Society Lond. B. (Suppl.), 4 pp. <JD>
McCarren, M. J. 1993. The scientific contributions of Othniel Charles Marsh. Peabody Museum of Natural History, 66 pp.
McGowan, C. 1972. Evolutionary trends in longipinnate ichthyosaurs with particular reference to the skull and fore fin. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 83: 38 pp.
McGowan, C. 1973. Differential growth in three ichthyosaurs: Ichthyosaurus communis, I. breviceps and Stenopterygius quadriscissus (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria). Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 93: 21 pp.
McGowan, C. 1974. A revision of the longipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England, with descriptions of two new species. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 97: 37 pp.
McGowan, C. 1974. A revision of the latipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 100: 30 pp.
McGowan, C. 1992. The ichthyosaurian tail: Sharks do not provide an appropriate analogue. Palaeonotology 35(3):555-570.
McGowan, C. 1992. Unusual extensions of the neural spines in two ichthyosaurs from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 29:380-383.
McGowan, C. 1993. A new species of large, long-snouted ichthyosaurs from the English Lower Lias. Palaeontology 37:747-753.
McGowan, C. 1994. A new species of Shastasaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Triassic of British Columbia: The most complete exemplar of the genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(2):168-179.
McGowan, C. 2001. The Dragon Seekers. Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, Mass.
McGowan, C. and R. Motani. 1999. A new interpretation of the Upper Triassic ichthyosaur, Shonisaurus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(1):42-49.
McHenry, C. R., A. G. Cook and S. Wroe. 2005. Bottom-feeding plesiosaurs. Science 310: 75.
McHenry, C.R., Clausen, P.D., Daniel, W.J.T., Meers, M.B. and Pendharkar, A. 2006. Biomechanics of the rostrum in crocodilians: A comparative analysis using finite-element modeling. The Anatomical Record, Part A 288A:827–849.
Mechem, A. F. and J. H. Janeway. 1874. Reports of Surgeon A. F. Mechem and Assistant Surgeon J. H. Janeway, United States Army. Excerpt from an official U. S. Army document (?) published in 1874, p 267.
Meek, F. B. 1876. Note on the new genus Uintacrinus, Grinnell. Bulletin U.S. Geological Geog. Survey Territories (Hayden), 2(4):375-378.
Meek, F. B. and Hayden, F.V. 1861. Descriptions of new lower Silurian (Primordial), Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary fossils, collected in Nebraska, by the exploring expedition under the command of Capt. Wm. F. Raynolds, U.S. Top. Engrs; with some remarks on the rocks from which they were obtained. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13:415-447. (Origin of the term 'Niobrara')
Mehl, M. G. 1929. A new genus of mosasaurs from Mexico, and notes on the pelvic girdle of Platecarpus, Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories,24:383-400.
Mehl, M. G. 1931. Aquatic dinosaur from the Niobrara of western Kansas. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 42:326-327.
Mehl, M. G. 1931. New bird record from the Dakota sandstone of Colorado. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 42:331. (abstract)
Mehl, M.G. 1931.
Additions to the vertebrate record of the Dakota Sandstone. American Journal of
Science 21:441-452.
Mehl, M. G. 1936. Hierosaurus coleii: a new aquatic dinosaur from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas. Denison University Journal Science Laboratory Bulletin 31 1-20, 3 pls.
Mehl, M. G. 1941. Dakotasuchus kingi, a crocodile from the Dakota of Kansas. Denison University Journal Science Libratory Bulletin 36, p. 47-65.
Meredith, R. W., Martin, J. E. and Wegleitner, P. N. 2007. The largest mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Missouri River area (Late Cretaceous; Pierre Shale Group) of South Dakota and its relationship to Lewis and Clark. Pages 208-214 in Martin, J. E. and Parris D. C. (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427.
Merriam, J.C. 1894. Ueber die Pythonomorphen der Kansas-Kreide. Palaeontographica, 41:1- 39, 4 pls. (in German)
Merriam, J.C. 1903. New ichthyosauria from the upper Triassic of California. Bulletin Dept. Geological, University of Calif. Pub., 3(12):249-263, Pls. 23-24.
Merriam, J.C. 1904. A new marine reptile from the Triassic of California. Bulletin Dept. Geological, University of Calif. Pub., 3(21):419-421.
Merriam, J.C. 1905. The types of limb-structure in the Triassic ichthyosauria. American Journal Science 19:23-30.
Merriam, J.C. 1906. Preliminary note on a new marine reptile from the middle Triassic of Nevada. Bulletin Dept. Geological, University of Calif. Pub., 5(5):75-79, Pls. 8-9.
Merriam, J.C. 1908. Notes on the osteology of the Thalattosaurian genus Nectosaurus. Bulletin Dept. Geological, University of Calif. Pub., 5(13):217-223. Pls. 17-18. (2 copies)
Merriam, J.C. 1910. The skull and dentition of a primitive ichthyosaurian from the middle Triassic. Bulletin Dept. Geological, University of Calif. Pub., 5(24):381-390, Pl. 40.
Merriam, J.C. 1911. Notes on the relationships of the marine saurian fauna described from the Triassic of Spitzbergen by Wiman. Bulletin Dept. Geological, University of Calif. Pub., 6(13):317-327. (2 copies)
Merriam, J.C. 1911. Notes on the dentition of Omphalosaurus. Bulletin Dept. Geological, University of Calif. Pub., 6(14):329-332.
Merriam, J.C. and C. W. Gilmore. 1928. An ichthyosaurian reptile from marine Cretaceous of Oregon. Carnegie Institute of Washington, Publication No. 393, pages 3-4, 1 fig.
Meyer, H. v. 1859. Saurier aus der Tuff-Kreide von Maastricht und Fox-les-Caves. Palaeontographica, pp. 242-244 (on Mosasaurus) <SS>
Meyer,
O. 1890. Birds with teeth. Popular Science Monthly 36( ):382-389.
Meyer, R. L. 1970. Late Cretaceous elasmobranchs from the Mississippi and East Texas embayments of the Gulf coastal plain. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Methodist University, 419 pp.
Milŕn, J. and Bonde, N. 2001. Svaneögler, nye fund pĺ Bornholm. Varv 2001(4):3-8. (Plesiosaurs, new finds from Bornholm) <TT>
Miller, H. W., Jr. 1955. A check-list of the Cretaceous and Tertiary vertebrates of New Jersey. Journal Pal. 29(5):903-914.
Miller, H. W. 1968. Invertebrate fauna and environment of deposition of the Niobrara Formation (Cretaceous) of Kansas, Fort Hays Studies - New Series, Science Series, No. 8, 90 pp.
Miller, H. W. 1971. The taxonomy of the Pteranodon species from Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 74(1):1-19. Published January 7, 1972.
Miller, H. W. 1971. A skull of Pteranodon (Longicepia) longicepsMarsh associated with wing and body parts. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 74(10):20-33. Published January 7, 1972.
Miller, H. W. 1972. Longicepia Miller (1972) preoccupied by PteranodonMarsh. Kansas Academy of Sciences, Transactions 75(1):100. (published February 21, 1973)
Mitchell, S. L. 1818. Observations on the geology of North America, illustrated by the description of various organic remains found in that part of the world. Pages 319-431, pls. 6-8. In Cuvier, G., Essay on the theory of the earth, New York, Kirk and Mercein, xxiii + 431 p. 8 pls.
Moodie, R. L. 1908. Reptilian epiphyses. American Journal Anat. 7(4):443-467.
Moodie, R. L. 1908, The relationship of the turtles and plesiosaurs, Kansas
University Science Bulletin, 4(15):319-32.
Moodie, R. L. 1910. An armored dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Wyoming. Kansas University
Science Bulletin 5(14):257-273, 4 pl. (Re: Niobrarasaurus)
Moodie, R. L. 1911, An embryonic plesiosaurian propodial, Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 23:95-101, 9 figs, 1 pl.
Moodie, R. L. 1912. The "stomach stones" of reptiles. Science 35(897):377-378.
Moodie, R. L. 1916. The growth of bone in Cretaceous times. Science (n. s.) 43(1097):35-36.
Moodie, R. L. 1916. Mesozoic pathology and bacteriology. Science (n. s.) 43(1108):425-426.
Moodie, R.L. 1918.
Paleontological evidence of the antiquity of disease. The Scientific Monthly
7:265-281.
Moodie, R.L. 1921. Status of our knowledge of Paleozoic
pathology. Proceedings of the Paleontological Society, Bulletin of the
Geological Society of
Moore, H. L. III., 1974. A systematic and paleoecologic review of the Coon Creek fauna. Masters thesis, The University of Tennessee, 186 pp.
Morton, S. G. 1830. Synopsis of the organic remains of the ferruginous sand formation of the United States; with geological remarks. American Journal Science 17(1):274-294, continued in 17(2): (mentions first mosasaur and plesiosaur remains described from North America)
Morton, S. G. 1830. Synopsis of the organic remains of the ferruginous sand formation of the United States; with geological remarks. American Journal Science 17(2):243-250, pl. I-III. (mentions first mosasaur and plesiosaur remains described from North America)
Morton, S. G. 1834. Synopsis of the organic remains of the Cretaceous group of the United States. Key and Biddle, Philadelphia, 88 pp. 19 pl.
Morton, S. G. 1842. Description of some new species of organic remains fo the Cretaceous group of the United States; with a tabular view of the fossils hitherto discovered in this formation. Journal Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Series 1, 8(pt. 2):207-227, pls. 10 and 11. (includes Ptychodus mortoni from Alabama, Mosasaurus, Lamna (Cretoxyrhina) mantelli, Saurodon and Saurocephalus as reptiles (?!?))
Motani, R. 1996. Redescription of the dental features of an Early Triassic ichthyosaur, Utatsusaurus hataii. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(3):396-402.
Motani, R. 1997. Temporal and spatial distribution of tooth implantation in ichthyosaurs. pp. 81-103. In Callaway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, London and New York.
Motani, R. 1997. Redescription of the dentition of Grippia longirostris(Ichthyosauria) with a comparison with Utatsusaurus hataii. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17:39-44.
Motani, R. 1997. New information on the forefin of Utatsusaurus hataii(Ichthyosauria). Journal of Paleontology 71:475-479.
Motani, R. 1999. On the evolution and homologies of ichthyopterygian forefins. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(1):28-41.
Motani, R. 1999. Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(4):472-495.
Motani, R. 1999. The skull and taxonomy of Mixosaurus(Ichthyopterygia). Journal of Paleontology 73:917-928.
Motani, R. 2000. Skull of Grippia longirostris: no contradiction with a diapsid affinity for the Ichthyopterygia. Palaeontology 43:1-14.
Motani, R. 2000. Is Omphalosaurus ichthyopterygian? --a phylogenetic perspective. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20:295-301.
Motani, R. 2000. Rulers of the Jurassic seas. Science American 283(6):52-59.
Motani, R. 2002. Scaling effects in caudal fin propulsion and the speed of ichthyosaurs. Nature 415:309-311 (January 17, 2002)
Motani, R. 2010. Warm-blooded sea dragons? Science (Perspectives) 328:1361-1362.
Motani, R., M. Manabe, and Z.-M. Dong., The status of Himalayasaurus tibetensis (Ichthyopterygia). Paludicola 2:174-181.
Motani, R., N. Minoura and T. Ando., 1998. Ichthyosaurian relationships illuminated by new primitive skeletons from Japan. Nature 393:255-257.
Motani, R., B. Rothschild, and W. Wahl, Jr. 1999. Large eyeballs in diving ichthyosaurs. Nature. 402:747.
Motani, R., and H. You. 1998. Taxonomy and limb ontogeny of Chaohusaurus
geishanensis (Ichthyosauria), with a note on the allometric
equation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(3):533-540.
Motani, R. and H. You. 1998. The forefin of Chensaurus chaoxianensis(Ichthyosauria) shows delayed mesopodial ossification. Journal of Paleontology 72:133-136.
Mudge, B. F. 1866. Discovery of fossil footmarks in the Liassic (?) Formation in Kansas. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 41(122):174-176.
Mudge, B. F. 1876. Notes on the Tertiary and Cretaceous periods of Kansas. Bulletin U.S. Geological Survey Territories (Hayden), 2(3):211-221.
Mudge, B. F. 1873. Recent discoveries of fossil footprints in Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 2:71-74.
Mudge, B. F. 1877. Notes on the Tertiary and Cretaceous periods of Kansas. pp. 277-294, in Part I (Geology) of the Ninth Annual Report, U. S. Geological and Geog. Survey Territories (Hayden), for 1875, 827 p.
Mudge, B. F. 1877. Annual Report of the Committee on Geology, for the year ending November 1, 1876. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, Ninth Annual Meeting, pp. 4-5. (discovery of Uintacrinus socialisin Kansas, Pteranodon, sharks and birds.)
Mudge, B. F. 1877. Flesh fossilization an impossibility. Western Review of Science and Industry 1(8):484-485.
Mudge, B. F. 1877. Fossilization of flesh. Western Review of Science and Industry 1(10):625-626.
Mudge, B. F. 1877. Fossil leaves in Kansas. Western Review of Science and Industry 1(10):654-656.
Mudge, B. F. 1878. Geology of Kansas. Pages 60-63 in First Biennial Report of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture. Topeka.
Mudge, B. F. 1879. Are birds derived from dinosaurs? Kansas City Review of Science and Industry 3:224-226.
Mueller, B.D., Chatterjee, S., Cornell, W., Watkins, D., and Gurtler, G.L. 2008. First mosasaur (Reptilia: Squamata) remains from the Llano Estacado of northwest Texas. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 115-122.
Mulder, E. W. A. 1999. Transatlantic latest Cretaceous mosasaurs (Reptilia, Lacertilia) from the Maastrichtian type area and New Jersey, Geologie en Mijnbouw, 78:281-300.
Mulder, E. W. A. 2001. Co-ossified vertebrae of mosasaurs and cetaceans: implications for the mode of locomotion of extinct marine reptiles. Paleobiology 27(4):724-734.
Mulder, E. W. A. 2003. On latest Cretaceous tetrapods from the Maastrichtian type area. Publicaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootshap in Limburg, Reeks XLIV, aflevering 1.Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastricht.
Mulder, E. W. A., J. W. M. Jagt, M. M. M. Kuypers, H. H. G. Peeters, and P. Rompen. 1998. Preliminary observations on the stratigraphic distribution of late Cretaceous marine and terrestrial reptiles from the Maastrichtian type area (SE Netherlands, NE Belgium), ORYCTOS, 1:55-64.
Mulder, E. W. A. and H. Mai. 1999. The oldest tylosaurine mosasaur (Reptilia, Lacertilia) from the Late Cretaceous of Belgium: Hermann von Meyer (1860) revisited, Geologie en Mijnbouw, 78:207-213.
Mulder, E. W. A., N. Bardet, P. Godefroit, and J. W. M. Jagt. 2000. Elasmosaur remains from the Maastrichtian type era, and a review of latest Cretaceous elasmosaurs (Reptilia, Plesiosauroidea). Bulletin de L'Instituut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 70:161-178.
Myers,
T.S. 2010. Earliest occurrence of the Pteranodontidae (Archosauria: Pterosauria)
in North America: New material from the Austin Group of
Myers, T.S. 2010. A new ornithocherid pterosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) Eagle Ford Group of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(1):280287.
Nakaya, H., 1989. Upper Cretaceous elasmosaurid (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from Hobetsu, Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Transactions Proceedings Paleont. Society Japan, New Series 154:96-116, 14 fig.
Neas, J.F., and Jenkinson, M.A. 1986. Type and figured specimens of fossil vertebrates in the collection of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Part III. Fossil birds. Miscellaneous Publication 78, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, pp. 1-14.
Nicholls, E. L., 1976. The oldest known North American occurrence of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Liassic (Lower Jurassic) Fernie Group Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13:185-188.
Nicholls, E. L., 1988, Marine vertebrates of the Pembina Member of the Pierre Shale (Campanian, Upper Cretaceous) of Manitoba and their significance to the biogeography, Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Calgary, 317 pages.
Nicholls, E. L., 1988. The first record of the mosasaur Hainosaurus(Reptilia: Lacertilia) from North America, Canadian Journal of Earth Science 25, 1564-1570.
Nicholls, E. L., 1988. New material of Toxochelys latiremis Cope, and a revision of the genus Toxochelys (Testudines, Chelonioidea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 8(2):181-187.
Nicholls, E. L., 1992. Note on the occurrence of the marine turtleDesmatochelys (Reptilia: Chelonioidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29:377-380.
Nicholls, E. L., 1997. Introduction to Part III: Testudines. pp. 219-223 In Callaway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, San Diego.
Nicholls, E. L. and Brinkman, D. B. 1995. A new ichthyosaur from the Triassic Sulfur Mountain Formation of British Columbia. Pp. 521-535 (Chapter 31) In Sarjeant, W. A. S. (ed.), Vertebrate fossils and the evolution of scientific concepts, Gorden and Breach Publishers.
Nicholls, E. L. and S. J. Godfrey, 1994. Subaqueous flight in mosasaurs - A discussion. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14(3):450-452.
Nicholls, E. L. and M. Manabe, 1998. The dorsal caudal fin of an early Triassic ichthyosaur - The tale of the tail. Paludicola 2(2):182-189.
Nicholls, E. L. and M. Manabe, 2001. A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic Pardonet Formation of British Columbia: bridging the Triassic-Jurassic gap. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 38:983-1002.
Nicholls, E. L. and M. Manabe. 2004. Giant ichthyosaurs of the Triassic - a new species of Shonisaurus from the Pardonet Formation (Norian: Late Triassic) of British Columbia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(3): 838-849.
Nicholls, E. L., and D. Meckert. 2002. Marine reptiles from the Nanaimo Group (Upper Cretaceous) of Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 39(11):1591-1603. <EM>
Nicholls, E. L. and A. P. Russell, 1990. Paleobiogeography of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America: the vertebrate evidence, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 79:149-169.
Nicholls, E.L., Tokaryk, T.T. and Hills, L.V. 1990. Cretaceous marine turtles from the Western Interior Seaway of Canada. Canadian Journal Earth Sciences 27:1288-1298.
Noč, L. F., 1999. The Callovian pliosaurs of the Oxford Clay - Evidence and implications for the consumption of marine invertebrates. In secondary adaptation to life in water, University of Copenhagen Geologisk Museum, 13-17/IX. (Conference abstracts), 38-40.
Noč, L. F., J. Liston and M. Evans. 2003. The first relatively complete exoccipital-opisthotic from the braincase of the Callovian pliosaur, Liopleurodon. Geological Mag. 140(4):479-486. <LN>
Noč, L.F. and Gómez–Pérez, M. 2007. Postscript to Everhart, M.J. 2005. Elasmosaurid remains from the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Possible missing elements of the type specimen of Elasmosaurus platyurus Cope 1868? In PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 4, 3: 19–32. PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 2(1): 1-9
Nopcsa, F. 1903. On the origin of the mosasaurs. Geological Magazine 10(4): 119-121. <SS>
Novas, F. E., M. Fernández, Z. B. Gasparini, J. M. Lirio, H. J. Nuńez and P. Puerta. 2002. Lakumasaurus antarcticus, n. gen. et sp., a new mosasaur (Reptilia, Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica. Ameghiniana, 39(2):245-249. <FN>
Obradovich, J. D., 1993. A Cretaceous time scale. pp. 379-396 InCaldwell, W. G. E., and E. G. Kauffman, eds., Evolution of the Western Interior Basin, Geologic Association of Canada, Special Paper 39.
O'Gormon, J.P. and Varela, A.N. 2010. The oldest lower Upper Cretaceous plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from southern Patagonia, Argentina. AMEGHINIANA 47(4):447-459
O'Keefe, F.R. 1999. Phylogeny and convergence in the Plesiosauria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(3):67A. (abstract)
O'Keefe, F. R. 2001. A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). Acta Zool. Fennica 213:1-63. <FRO>
O'Keefe, F.R. 2001. Ecomorphology of plesiosaur flipper geometry. J. Evol. Biol. 14:987-991.<FRO>
O'Keefe, F.R.. 2002. The evolution of plesiosaur and pliosaur morphotypes in the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). Paleobiology 28(1):101-112. <FRO>
O'Keefe, F.R. 2004. On the cranial anatomy of the polycotylid plesiosaurs, including new material of Polycotylus latipinnis Cope, from Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(2):326-340.
O'Keefe, F.R. 2004. Preliminary description and phylogenetic position of a new plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Toarcian of Holzmaden, Germany. Journal of Paleontology 78(5):973-988.
O'Keefe, F.R. 2008. Cranial anatomy and taxonomy of Dolichorhynchops bonneri new combination, a polycotylid plesiosaur from the Pierre Shale of Wyoming and South Dakota. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(3): 664-676.
O'Keefe, F.R. and M.T. Carrano. 2005. Correlated trends in the evolution of the plesiosaur locomotor system. Paleobiology 31(4): 656-675.
OKeefe, F.R. and Chiappe, L.M. 2011. Viviparity and K-selected life history in a Mesozoic marine plesiosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia). Science 333(6044):870-873.
O'Keefe, F.R. and Hiller, N. 2006. Morphologic and ontogenetic patterns in elasmosaur neck length, with comments on the taxonomic utility of neck length variables. Paludicola 5(4):206-229.
O’Keefe, F.R. and Street, H. P. 2009. Osteology of the cryptocleidoid plesiosaur Tatenectes laramiensis, with comments on the taxonomic status of Cimoliasauridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1):48-57.
Olson, S. L. 1975. Ichthyornis in the Cretaceous of Alabama. Wilson Bulletin: Vol. 87(1): 103-105.
Osborn, H.F., 1897. A Great Naturalist - Edward Drinker Cope. The Century Magazine, 55(1):10-15. (A eulogy for E. D. Cope who died that year)
Osborn, H.F., 1898. Models of Extinct Vertebrates. Science, 7(182):841-845.
Osborn, H.F. 1899. A complete mosasaur skeleton, osseous and cartilaginous. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1(4):167-188.
Osborn, H.F., 1900. Intercentra and hypapophyses in the cervical region of mosasaurs, lizards and Sphenodon. American Naturalist 34(397):1-7.
Osborn, H.F., 1923. The extinct giant rhinoceros Baluchitherium of western and central Asia. Natural History 23(3):208-228.
Osborn, H.F., 1931. Cope: Master naturalist - The life and letters of Edward Drinker Cope. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., xvi and 740 p. 1978 reprint, Arno Press, New York.
Osborn, R. C., 1906. Adaptive modifications of the limb skeleton in aquatic reptiles and mammals. Annals N.Y. Academy Science 16(9, part 3): 447-482.
Ott, C. J., A. D. B. Behlke, and D. K. Kelly. 2002. An unusually large specimen of Clidastes (Mosasauroidea) from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions (Abstracts) 21:32.
Owen, D. D., 1860. Second report of a geological reconnaissance of the middle and southern counties of Arkansas, Philadelphia, Sherman and Son, 433 p., pls. A-E, 1-9. (in part, with a description of the discovery of the plesiosaur, Brimosaurus)
Owen, R., 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Part 2. Report of the Eleventh Meeting (at Plymouth, 1841), British Association for the Advancement of Science, p. 60-204. (P. 103, proposes the name, Dinosauria) <EM>
Owen, R., 1849. Notes on remains of fossil reptiles discovered by Prof. Henry Rogers, of Pennsylvania, U. S., in Greensand formations of New Jersey. Quarterly Journal Geological Society v pp. 380-383, with pls.
Owen, R., 1851, Monograph on The fossil reptilia of the Cretaceous formations, Palaeontographical Society, pp. 1-118. (I only have pages 29-45 dealing with mosasaurs)
Owen, R. 1859. Note on some remains of Polyptychodon from Dorking. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 16:262-263 (abstract).
Owen, R. 1860. Palaeontology, or a systematic summary of extinct animals and their geological relations. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh, xv +420 p. 142 text figs. (1st edition). (Click here for Fig. 71, Plesiosaurus) - Note on Page 230, Owen refers to the illustrations of popular writers comparing a plesiosaur to "a snake threaded through through the trunk of a turtle")
Owen, R., 1862. Monograph on the fossil reptilia from the Kimmeridge
Clay. Pliosaurus grandis. Mon. Palćont. Society London pp. 27-28, 1 pl.
(The plate is a huge drawing of a single tooth)
Owen, R., 1869. Monographs on the British fossil reptilia from the Kimmeridge Clay.
no.111, containing Pliosaurus grandis, P. trochanterius and P.
portlandicus: Mon. Palćont. Society London pp. 1-12, 4 pls.
Owen, R., 1877. On the rank and the affinities in the reptilian class of the Mosasauridae,
Gervais. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London. 33:682-715 24 fig.
Owen, R., 1881. A monograph on the Liassic formations, Part Third, Ichthyopterygia, Mon. Palćont. Society London, pp. 83-134, pls. 21-33.
Owen, R., 1883. On generic characters in the order Sauropterygia. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London. 33:133-138 3 fig.
Padian, K. 1983. A functional analysis of flying and walking in pterosaurs. Paleobiology 9(3):218-239.
Padian, K. 1984. A large pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Two Medicine Formation (Campanian) of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 4(4):516-524.
Padian, K., and Smith, M. 1992. New light on Late Cretaceous pterosaur material from Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12(1): 87-92.
Páramo, M. E. F., 1997. Platyperygius sachicarum (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) Neva especie del Cretaceico de Columbia. Revista Ingeominas 6:1-12. <MP>
Páramo-Fonseca, M. E. 2000. Yaguarasaurus columbianus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae), a primitive mosasaur from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Columbia. Hist. Biol. 14:121-131 <MP>
Páramo-Fonseca, M.E. 2012. Mosasauroids from Colombia. in Bardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme congrčs sur les Mosasaures, MNHN, Paris. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):103-109.
Parkinson, J., 1833. Organic remains of a former world. 3:xxi and 467 p., 22 pls. M. A. Nattali, London. 1978 reprint by Arno Press, New York. (an account of the discovery of M. hoffmanni)
Parmenter, C. S. 1899. Fossil turtle cast from the Dakota epoch. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 16:67.
Parris, D. C., 1974. Additional records of plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous of New Jersey, Journal of Paleontology, 48(1):32-35.
Parris, D. C., C. DeTample, and R. C. Benton, 1986. Osteological notes on the fossil turtle ?Dollochelys atlantica (Zangerl). The Mosasaur 3:97-108.
Parris, D. C., and J. Echols. 1992. The fossil bird Ichthyornis in the Cretaceous of Texas. Texas Journal of Science 44:201-212.
Parris, D. C., B. S. Grandstaff, R. K. Denton and S. G. Lucas, 1997. Type locality of Liodon dyspelor (Reptilia: Mosasauridae), Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 147:193-203. (Paleo detective work)
Pellegrini, R. 2007. Skeletochronology of the limb elements of mosasaurs (Squamata; mosasauridae). Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 110(1-2):83-99.
Peterson, J. M., 1987. Science in Kansas: The early years, 1804-1875, Kansas History Magazine, 10(3):201-240.
Pierce, G. R., and S. P. Welles, 1959. First record of a mosasaur from the cretaceous of Santa Barbara De Barinas, Venezuela, Journal of Paleontology, 33(9):996-997.
Pierce, S. E. and M. W. Caldwell. 2004. Redescription and phylogenetic position of the Adriatic (Upper Cretaceous: Cenomanian) dolichosaur Pontosaurus lesinenis (Kornhuber, 1873). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(2):373-386.
Pieters, F.J.M., Rompen, P.G.W., Jagt, J.W.M. and Bardet, N. 2012. A new look at Faujas De Saint-Fonds fantastic story on the provenance and acquisition of the type specimen of Mosasaurus hoffmanni Mantell, 1829. inBardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme congrčs sur les Mosasaures, MNHN, Paris. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183(1):55-65.
Polcyn, M. J. and G. L. Bell, Jr., 1996. A complete skull of a new mosasauroid from the Acadia Park Member of the Eagle Ford Shale (late Middle Turonian) near Dallas, Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(suppl. to 3):58A.
Polcyn, M. J. and G. L. Bell, Jr. 2005. Russellosaurus coheni n. gen. n. sp., a 92 million-year-old mosasaur from Texas (USA), and the definition of the parafamily Russellosaurina. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 321-333.
Polcyn, M.J., Bell, G.L., Jr., Shimada, K. and Everhart, M.J. 2008. The oldest North American mosasaurs (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas and Texas with comments on the radiation of major mosasaur clades. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 137-155.
Polcyn, M.J. and Everhart, M.J. 2008. Description and phylogenetic analysis of a new species of Selmasaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 13-28.
Polcyn, M.J. and Lamb, J. 2012. The snout of Halisaurus platyspondylus MARSH 1869 : phylogenetic and functional
implications. in Bardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme congrčs sur les Mosasaures, MNHN, Paris. Bulletin
de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):137-143.
Polcyn, M.J., Lindgren, J., Bardet, N.,
Cornelissen, D., Verding, L. and Schulp, A.S. 2012. Description of new specimens
of Halisaurus arambourgi Bardet&Pereda Suberbiola, 2005 and the
relationships of Halisaurinae. in Bardet, N. (ed.), Troisičme congrčs sur les Mosasaures, MNHN, Paris. Bulletin
de la Société Géologique de France 183(2):123-136.
Polcyn, M. J., E. Tchernov and L. L. Jacobs., 1999. The Cretaceous biogeography of the eastern Mediterranean with a description of a new basal mosasauroid from 'Ein Yabrud, Isreal. Proceedings 2nd Gondwanan Dinosaur Symp. 15:259-290.
Polcyn, M. J., E. Tchernov and L. L. Jacobs., 2003. Haasiasaurus gen. nov., a new generic name for the basal mosasauroid Haasia Polcyn et al., 1999. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23(2):476.
Pollard, J. E., 1968. The gastric contents of an ichthyosaur from the lower Lias of Lyme Regis, Dorset, Palaeontology, 11(3):376-378, pl. 72-73.
Pompeckj, J. F., 1910. Über einen Fund von Mosasaurier-Resten im Ober-Senon von Haldem. Jahresbericht des Niedersächsischen geologischen Vereins III 122-140, pl. IV. (in German)
Renger, J. J., 1935. Excavation of Cretaceous reptiles in Alabama, Science Monthly, 41: 560-565.
Rees, J. and Lindgren, J. 2005. Aquatic birds from the upper Cretaceous (Lower Campanian) of Sweden and the biology and distribution of Hesperornithiforms. Palaeontology 48:1321-1329.
Reynaud, F. 2006. Hind limb and pelvis proportions of Hesperornis regalis: A comparison with extant diving birds. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(3):115A.
Reynaud, F.N. 2006. Hind limb and pelvis proportions of Hesperornis regalis: A comparison with extant diving birds. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas. 45 pp.
Rieppel, O. C., 1988. The classification of Squamata, pp. 262-293, InBenton, M. J., (ed.), The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods, Vol. 1, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Rieppel, O. C., and H. Zaher, 2000. The braincases of mosasaurs and Varanus, and the relationships of snakes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 129:489-514, 6 fig.
Rieppel, O. C., H. Zaher, E. Tchernov and M. J. Polcyn, 2003. The anatomy and relationships of Haasophis terrasanctus, a fossil snake with well-developed limbs from the Mid-Cretaceous of the Middle East. Journal of Paleontology 77(3):536-558.
Riess, J. and E. Frey, 1991. The evolution of underwater flight and the locomotion of plesiosaurs. pp. 131-144, In Rayner, J. M. V. and R. J. Wooton (eds.), Biomechanics in evolution. Cambridge University Press.
Riggs, E. S., 1939. A specimen of Elasmosaurus serpentinus, Field Museum of Natural History, Geology, 6:385-391.
Riggs, E. S., 1944. A new polycotylid plesiosaur. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 30:77-87.
Robbins, J.A., Ferguson, K.M., Polcyn, M.J., and Jacobs, L.L. 2008. Application of stable carbon isotope analysis to mosasaur ecology. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 123-130.
Robinson, J. A., 1975. The locomotion of plesiosaurs, N.Jb. Geological Paläont. Abh., 149, 3:286-332.
Rogers, K., 1991. A dinosaur dynasty: The Sternberg fossil hunters, Mountain Press Publishing Company, 288 pages.
Romer, A. S., 1974. Aquatic adaptations in reptiles - Primary or secondary? Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 64:221-230.
Romer, A. S., 1966. Vertebrate Paleontology (3rd Ed.), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 468 pp.
Romer, A. S. and A. D. Lewis. 1959. A mounted skeleton of the giant plesiosaur Kronosaurus. Breviora 112:1-15.
Rothschild, B. M. 1987. Decompression syndrome in fossil marine turtles, Annals of Carnegie Museum, 56(15):253-258.
Rothschild, B. M. 1990. Absence of decompression syndrome in recent and fossil Mammalia and Reptilia, Annals of Carnegie Museum, 59(4):287-293.
Rothschild, B. M. 1991. Stratophenetic analysis of avascular necrosis in turtles: Affirmation of the decompression syndrome hypothesis, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 100A(3):529-535.
Rothschild, B.M. 2008. Vertebral pathology in mosasaurs.Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 91-94.
Rothschild, B. M. and Martin, L. 1987. Avascular necrosis: Occurrence in diving Cretaceous mosasaurs, Science, 236:75-77.
Rothschild, B. M. and Martin, L. 1993. Paleopathology: disease in the fossil record, CRC Press. (Chapters 19 and 21).
Rothschild, B. M., Martin, L.D. and Schulp, A.S. 2005. Sharks eating mosasaurs, dead or alive? Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 335-344.
Rothschild, B. M. and G. W. Storrs. 2003. Decompression syndrome in plesiosaurs (Sauropterygia: Reptilia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 23(2):324-328.
Rothschild, B. M. and D. Tanke. 1992. Paleopathology of vertebrates: Insights to lifestyle and health in the geological record, Geoscience 13, Geoscience Canada, 19(2):73-82.
Rowe, M. P., 2000. Inferring the retinal anatomy and visual capacity of extinct vertebrates. Palaeontological Electronica 3(1):43 pp.
Russell, D. A., 1964. Intercranial mobility in mosasaurs. Postilla 86:1-19. (Peabody Museum of Natural History)
Russell, D. A., 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, Bulletin 23.
Russell, D. A., 1967. Cretaceous vertebrates from the Anderson River N. W. T. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 4:21-38.
Russell, D. A., 1970. The vertebrate fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama, Part VII, The mosasaurs, Fieldiana, Geology Memoirs, 3(7):369-380.
Russell, D. A., 1975. A new species of Globidens from South Dakota, Fieldiana Geology, 33(13):235-256.
Russell, D. A., 1988. A check list of North American marine cretaceous vertebrates Including fresh water fishes, Occasional Paper of the Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, (4):57.
Russell, D. A., 1989. An odyssey in time; The dinosaurs of North America, NorthWord Press, Inc., 240 pages. (Good chapter on life in the oceans of the Cretaceous)
Russell, D. A., 1993. Vertebrates in the Western Interior Sea, pp. 665-680, In Caldwell, W. G. E. and E. G. Kaufmann (eds.), Evolution of the Western Interior Basin, Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 39.
Russell, L. S., 1935. A plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Manitoba. Journal of Paleontology 9:385-389.
Sachs, S. 1997. Placodus impressus - Fisch- und Placodontier (Pflasterzahnsaurier)- Zähne aus dem Buntsandstein von Zweibrücken (Pfalz). (In German; Placodus impressus - teeth of fish and Placodontia from the Buntsandstein of Zweibrücken (Palatinate, SW-Germany).
Sachs, S. 2000. Ein Pliosauride (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) aus der Oberkreide von Anröchte in Westfalen. Geologie und Paläont. Westf. 56(69S):25-34. (In German)
Sachs, S. 2000. Mosasaurier-Reste aus der Oberkreide von Nordrhein-Westfalen. Geologie und Paläont. Westf. 56(69S):35-44.
Sachs, S. 2004. Redescription of Woolungasaurus glendowerensis(Plesiosauria: Elasmosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeast Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 49(2): 717-731. <SS>
Sachs, S. 2005. Remarks on the pectoral girdle of Hydrotherosaurus alexandrae (Plesiosauria: Elasmosauridae). PalArch 4(2): 1-6.
Sachs, S. 2005. Tuarangisaurus australis sp. nov. (Plesiosauria: Elasmosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Queensland, with additional notes on the phylogeny of the Elasmosauridae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 50(2): 425-440. <SS>
Sachs, S. 2005. Redescription of Elasmosaurus platyurus Cope 1868 (Plesiosauria: Elasmosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Campanian) of Kansas, U.S.A. Paludicola 5(3): 92-106.
Sachs, S. 2011. Ein elasmosaurider Plesiosaurier aus dem unteren Campan (Oberkreide) von Sehnde-Höver (Landkreis Hannover). Arbeitskreis Paläontologie Hannover 39:12-19.
Sachs, S., Kear, B.P., and Everhart, M.J. 2013. Revised vertebral count in the longest-necked vertebrate Elasmosaurus platyurus Cope 1868, and clarification of the cervical-dorsal transition in Plesiosauria. PLoS ONE 8(8): 6 pp. LINK
Saint Fond, F. 1799. Head of the Crocodile p. 59-67 (First published history of Mosasaurus hoffmanni); from "Historie Naturelle de la Montage de Saint-Pierre de Maestricht"; Translated from the French by Jean-Michel Benoit.
Sakurai, K., T. Chitoku and N. Shibuya, 1999. A new species of Mosasaurus(Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from Hobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan, The Bulletin of the Hobetsu Museum, No. 15, pp. 53-66. (English abstract, text in Japanese)
Sander, P. M., 1988. A fossil reptile embryo from the middle Triassic of the Alps. Science 239:780-783. (Nothosaur embryo, 51 mm long)
Sander, P. M., 2000. Ichthyosauria: their diversity, distribution and phylogeny. Paläontolgische Zeitschrift. 74(1/2):1-35.
Sander, P. M., O. C. Rieppel and H. Bucher, 1997. A new pistosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Nevada and its implications for the origin of the plesiosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(3):526-533. (Gastroliths)
Sarjeant, W. A. S. and P. J. Currie, 2001. The "Great Extinction" that never happened: the demise of the dinosaurs considered. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 38(2):239-247.
Sasso, C. and G. Pinna, 1996. Besanosaurus leptrhynchus n. gen. n. sp., a new shastasaurid from the Middle Triassic of Besano (Lombardy, N. Italy), Paleontologia Lombarda, Nuova serie, 4:23.
Sasso, C. and G. Pinna, 1997. Aphanizocnemus libanensis n.gen n.sp., a new dolichosaur (Reptilia, Varanoidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of Lebonon, Paleontologia Lombarda, Nuova serie Vol. VII, 31 pages.
Sato, T. 2003. Terminonatator ponteixensis, a new elasmosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Saskatchewan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(1):89-103.
Sato, T. 2005. A new polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Upper Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation in Saskatchewan, Canada. Journal of Paleontology 79(5): 969-980.
Sato, T., Hasegawa, Y, and Manabe, M. 2006. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the upper Cretaceous of Fukushima, Japan. Palaeontology, 49(3), p. 467-485
Sato, T. and G. W. Storrs, 2000. An early polycotylid plesiosaur (reptilia: sauroptergygia) from the Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Paleontology 74(5):907-914.
Sato, T. and K. Tanabe, 1998. Cretaceous plesiosaurs ate ammonites, Nature, 394:629-630.
Sato, T. and T. T. Tokaryk. 1999. Preliminary report of a Polycotylid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation of southwestern Saskatchewan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(3):73A. (Abstract)
Sato, T. and Wu, X-C. 2006. Review of plesiosaurians (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation in Alberta, Canada. Paludicola 5(4):150-169
Scanlon, J.D., and Hocknull, S.A. 2008. A dolichosaurid lizard from the latest Albian (mid-Cretaceous) Winton Formation, Queensland, Australia. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 131-136.
Schaffner, D.C., 1938. Gastroliths in the Lower Dakota of Northern Kansas.
Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 41:225-226.
Schmeisser,
R.L. and Gillette, D.D. 2009. Unusual occurrence
of gastroliths in a polycotylid plesiosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Tropic Shale,
southern
Schmidt, K.P. 1940. A new turtle of the genus Podocnemis from the Cretaceous of Arkansas. Field Museum of Natural History, Geoloogical Series 8(1):1-12, 5 figs.
Schmidt, K.P. 1944. Two new thalassemyd turtles from the Cretaceous of Arkansas. Field Museum of Natural History, Geological Series 8(11):63-74.
Schröder-Adams, C. J., S. L. Cumbaa, J. Bloch, D. A. Leckie, J. Craig, S. A. Seif El-Dein, D-J H. A. E. Simons and F. Kenig. 2001. Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Campanian) paleoenvironmental history of the eastern Canadian margin of the Western Interior Seaway; bonebeds and anoxic events. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 170:261-289.
Schulp, A.S. 2005. Feeding the mechanical mosasaur: what did Carinodens eat? Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 345-358.
Schulp, A. S., J.W.M. Jagt, F. Fonken. 2004. New material of the mosasaur Carinodens belgicusfrom the Upper Cretaceous of the Netherlands. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(3): 744-747.
Schulp, A.S., Mulder, E.W.A. and Schwenk, K. 2005. Did mosasaurs have forked tongues? Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 359-372.
Schulp, A.S., Polcyn, M.J., Mateus, O., Jacobs, L.L., and Morais, M.L. 2008. A new species of Prognathodon (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Maastrichtian of Angola, and the affinities of the mosasaur genus Liodon. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 1-12
Schulp, A. S., G. H. I. M. Walenkamp, P. A. M. Hofman, B. M. Rothschild and J. W. M. Jagt. 2004. Rib fracture in Prognathodon saturator (Mosasauridae, Late Cretaceous). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw 83(4): 251-254.
Schulp, A.S., Walenkamp, G.H.I.M, Hofman, P.A.M., Stuip, Y. and Rothschild, B.M. 2006. Chronic bone infection in the jaw of Mosasaurus hoffmanni(Squamata). ORYCTOS, 6:41-52.
Schultz, C. B., 1965. The story of a Nebraska sea serpent. Museum Notes, University of Nebraska State Museum. 27:1-3.
Schulz, M. R., A. Fildani and M. Suarez. 2003. Occurrence of the southernmost South American ichthyosaur (Middle Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous) Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, Patagonia, Southernmost Chile. Palaios 18:69-73. <MES>
Schultze, H.-P., L. Hunt, J. Chorn and A. M. Neuner. 1985. Type and figured specimens of fossil vertebrates in the collection of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Part II. Fossil Amphibians and Reptiles. Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History 77:66 pp.
Schumacher, B.A., 1993. Biostratigraphy of Mosasauridae (Squamata, Varanoidea) from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of Western Kansas, Unpub. Masters Thesis, Fort Hays State University, 68 pp.
Schumacher, B.A., 1997. Lateral stratigraphic and paleontological variation within the Niobrara Formation (Coniacian-early Campanian) of southwestern South Dakota. Doctoral dissertation. South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. 199 pp.
Schumacher, B.A. 2007. A new polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous; lower upper Cenomanian), Black Hills, South Dakota. Pages 133-146 in Martin, J. E. and Parris D.C. (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427.
Schumacher, B.A. 2008. On the skull of a pliosaur (Plesiosauria; Pliosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Early Turonian) of the North American Western Interior. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 111(3-4):203-218.
Schumacher, B.A. 2011. A woollgari-zone mosasaur (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from the Carlile
Shale (Lower Middle Turonian) of central
Schumacher, B.A., Carpenter, K., and Everhart, M.J. 2012. A new pliosaur
(Plesiosauria, Pliosauridae) from the Carlile Shale (Cretaceous, Middle
Turonian) of Russell County, Kansas. Supplement to the online Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology ISSN 1937-2809, pp.168-169.
Schumacher, B.A. and M.J. Everhart. 2004. A new assessment of plesiosaurs from the old Fort Benton Group, Central Kansas. Abstracts of oral presentations and posters, Joint Annual Meeting of the Kansas and Missouri Academies of Science, p. 50.
Schumacher, B.A. and M. J. Everhart. 2005. A stratigraphic and taxonomic review of plesiosaurs from the old “Fort Benton Group” of central Kansas: A new assessment of old records. Paludicola 5(2):33-54.
Schumacher, B.A. and J. E. Martin, 1993. First definitive record of the mosasaur Tylosaurus proriger from the Niobrara Formation (Upper Cretaceous), South Dakota, Proceedings S.D. Academy Science, 72:235-240.
Schumacher, B.A. and J. E. Martin, 1995. Polycotylus sp.: A short-necked plesiosaur from the Niobrara Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of South Dakota. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to 3):52A.
Schumacher, B.A. and Varner, D.W. 1996. Mosasaur caudal anatomy. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16(suppl. to 3):63A.
Schumacher, B.A. and Varner, D.W.
2007. Morphology and function of tailbends in mosasaurs. In Everhart M.J. (ed.),
Second mosasaur meeting, Abstract Booklet and Field Guide, pp 4142.
Schwimmer, D. R., 1986. Late Cretaceous fossils from the Blufftown Formation (Campanian) in western Georgia. The Mosasaur 3:109-123.
Schwimmer, D. R., 1992. Late Cretaceous Xiphactinus fossils in eastern United States are not necessarily X. audax. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Abstract 12(3):51A.
Schwimmer, D. R., 1997. Late Cretaceous dinosaurs in eastern U.S.A.: A taphonomic and biogeographic model of occurrences, Dinofest International, Proceedings of a Symposium sponsored by Arizona State University, pp. 203-211.
Schwimmer, D. R. Padian, K., and Woodhead, A.B. 1985. First pterosaur records from Georgia: Open marine facies, Eutaw Formation (Santonian). Journal of Paleontology 59(3):674-676.
Schwimmer, D. R., J.D. Stewart, and G. D. Williams, 1997. Scavenging by sharks of the genus Squalicorax in the late Cretaceous of North America, PALAIOS, 12:71-83.
Schwimmer, D. R., G. D. Williams, J. L. Dobie, and W. G. Siesser, 1993. Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Blufftown Formation in western Georgia and eastern Alabama. J. Paleont. 67:288-296. (remains from marine sediments)
Scott, R. W., 1970. Paleoecology and paleontology of the Lower Cretaceous Kiowa Formation, Kansas. University Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Art. 52. 94 pp.
Seeley, H. G. 1870. The Ornithosauria: an elementary study of the bones of pterodactyles. Deighton, Bell, and Co., Cambridge, xviii + 135 pp.
Seeley, Harry G. 1871. Additional evidence of the structure of the head in ornithosaurs from the Cambridge Upper Greensand; being a supplement to "The Ornithosauria." The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 7:20-36, pls. 2-3. (Discovery of toothless pterosaurs in England) <EM>
Seeley, H. G., 1877. On Mauisaurus gardneri, Seeley, an elasmosaurian from the base of the Gault of Folkestone. Geological Society London Quarterly Journal, 33: 541-546, pl:23.
Seeley, H. G., 1877. On the vertebral column and pelvic bones of Pliosaurus evansi (Seely), from the Oxford Clay of St. Neots. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London. 30: 716-723.
Seeley, H. G., 1892. The nature of the shoulder girdle and clavicular arch in Sauropterygia. Proceedings Royal Society London, 51:119-151.
Seeley, H. G., 1901. Dragons of the air: An account of extinct flying reptiles. London. xiii + 239 pp., 80 figs., pl.
Seilacher, A. 1998. Mosasaurs, limpets, or diagenesis; how Placenticerasshells got punctured. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin-Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 1:93–102.
Shannon, S. W., 1974. Extension of the known range of the Plesiosauria in the Alabama Cretaceous. Southeastern Geology 15:193-199.
Shannon, S. W., 1977. The occurrence and stratigraphic distribution of mosasaurs in the upper Cretaceous of west Alabama. Abstracts from Programs, 26th Ann. Mtg. SE. Sect. Geological Society American 9(2):184.
Sheldon, M. A., 1990. Immature mosasaurs from the Niobrara: a sampling
problem? Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Abstract 10(3):42A.
Sheldon, M. A., 1992. Ontogenetic changes in mosasaur bone microstructure. Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology Abstract 12(3):51A.
Sheldon, M. A., 1995. Ontogeny, ecology and evolution of North American Mosasaurids (Clidastes, Platecarpus and Tylosaurus): Evidence from bone microstructure. Unpubl. dissertation. University of Rochester. 183 pp.
Sheldon, M. A., 1996. Stratigraphic distribution of mosasaurs in the Niobrara Formation of Kansas, Paludicola 1:21-31. (The Rochester Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology)
Sheldon, M. A., 1997. Ecological implications of mosasaur bone microstructure, pp. 333-354, In Calloway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Sheldon, M. A. and G. L. Bell, Jr., 1999. Paedomorphisis in Mosasauridae (Squamata): evidence from fossil bone microstructure, Paludicola, 2(2):190-205.
Sheldon, M. A. , G. L Bell, Jr., and J. P. Lamb., 1996. Histological characters in prenatal specimens of the mosasaur, Plioplatecarpus primaevus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(suppl. to 3):64A.
Shimada, K., 1996. Ichthyosaur (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) vertebra from the Kiowa Shale (Lower Cretaceous: Upper Albian), Clark County, Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 99(1-2):39-44.
Shimada, K., 1997. Paleoecological relationships of the late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz). Journal of Paleontology 71(5):926-933.
Shimada, K. and Bell, G.L., Jr.. 2006. Coniasaurus Owen, 1850 (Reptilia: Squamata), from the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. Journal of Paleontology 80: p 589–593.
Shimada, K., Everhart, M.J. and Ewell, K. 2007. A unique reptilian (large dolichosaurid
lizard?) tooth from the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk of western
Shimada, K. and Fernandes. M.V. 2006. Ichthyornis sp. (Aves: Ichthyornithiformes) from the lower Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 109(1-2): 21-26.
Shimada, K., and G. E. Hooks. III. 2004. Shark-bitten protostegid turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Mooreville Chalk, Alabama. Journal of Paleontology 78(1):205-210.
Shimada, K., Schumacher, B.A., Parkin, J.A. and
Shimada, K. and Parris. D.C. 2007. A long-snouted Late Cretaceous crocodyliform, Terminonaris cf. T. browni, from the Carlile Shale (Turonian) of Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 110(1/2): 107-115.
Shimada, K., Tsuihiji, T., Sato, T. and Hasegawa, Y. 2010. A remarkable case of a shark-bitten elasmosaurid plesiosaur. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(2):592-597.
Shor, E. N. 1971. Fossils and flies; The life of a compleat scientist - Samuel Wendell Williston, 1851-1918, University of Oklahoma Press, 285 pages.
Shufeldt,
R.W. 1893. Comparative osteological notes on the extinct bird Ichthyornis.
Journal of Anatomy 27(3):336-342.
Shufeldt, R.W. 1915. The fossil remains of a species of Hesperornis found in Montana. Auk 32(3): 290-284.
Shuler, E.W. 1950. A new elasmosaur from the Eagle Ford Shale of Texas. Part II. Fondren Science Series V1, #2, 1-33 pp. 26 figs.
Shuler, E.W. and S. P. Welles. 1947. New elasmosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Texas. Bulletin Geological Society American 58:1263.
Slaughter, B. H. and B. R. Hoover. 1963. Occurrences of ichthyosaurian remains in the Cretaceous of Texas. 15(3): 339-343.
Smellie, W.R. 1916. Apractocleidus teretipes: a new Oxfordian plesiosaur in the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow University. Transactions Roy. Society Edinburgh 51:609-629, figs. 1-9, pl.
Smith, A.S. 2008. Plesiosaurs from the Pliensbachian [Lower Cretaceous] of Bornholm, Denmark. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(4):1213-1217.
Smith, K.T. and Buchy, M-C. 2008. A new aigialosaur (Squamata: Anguimorpha) with soft tissue remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Nuevo León, Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(1): 85-94.
Smith-Woodward,
A. 1906. Note on some portions of mosasaurian jaws obtained by Mr. G. E. Dibley
from the middle chalk of
Snow, F. H. 1878. On the dermal covering of a mosasauroid reptile. Transactions Kansas Academy of Science, 6:54-58, Fig. 1-2.
Snow, F. H. 1878. On the dermal covering of a mosasauroid reptile (Liodon dyspelor Cope). Kansas City Review of Science and Industry. 2(8):451-454.
Snow, F. H. 1879. The scales of Liodon. American Naturalist 13(2):132.
Snow, F. H. 1887 On the Discovery of a fossil bird
track in the Dakota Sandstone. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 10:3-6
Soliar, T. 1988. The mosasaur Goronyosaurus from the Upper Cretaceous of Sokoto
State, Nigeria, Palaeontology, 31(3):747-762.
Sollas, W. J. 1881. On a new species of plesiosaurs ( P. conybeari) from the Lower Lias of Charmouth; with observations on P. megacephalus, Stutchberry, andP. brachycephalus, Owen. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, 37:472-481, figs. 8-14, pls. 23,24.
Sneyd, A.D., Bundock, M.S. and Reid. D. 1982. Possible effects of wing flexibility on the aerodynamics of Pteranodon. The American Naturalist 120(4):455-477.
Spamer, E. E., E. Daeschler and L. G. Vostreys-Shapiro. 1995. A study of fossil vertebrate types in The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Taxonomic, systematic, and historical perspectives. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Spec. Publ. 16, 434 pp.
Spamer, E. E., R. M. McCourt, R. Middleton, E. Gilmore and S. B. Duran. 2000. A national treasure: Accounting for the Natural history specimens from the Lewis and Clark Expedition (western North America, 1803-1806) in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 150:47-58. (type specimen of Saurocephalus lanciformis Harlan 1824a, ANSP 5516)
Stein, R. S. 1975. Dynamic analysis of Pteranodon ingens: A reptilian adaptation to flight. Journal of Paleontology 49(3):534-548.
Sternberg, C.H. 1880. The Dakota Group. Kansas City Review of Science and Industry 4(11):675-677.
Sternberg, C.H. 1881. The Niobrara Group. City Review of Science and Industry 5(1):1-4.
Sternberg,
C.H. 1881. The fossil flora of the Cretaceous Dakota Group of
Sternberg, C.H. 1898. Ancient monsters of Kansas. Popular Science News 32:268.
Sternberg, C.H. 1899.The first great roof. Popular Science News 33:126-127, 1 fig.
Sternberg, C.H. 1899. A Kansas mosasaur. Popular Science News 33:259-260.
Sternberg, C.H. 1900. Fossil collector's experiences. Popular Science News 34:34.
Sternberg, C.H. 1900. The sharks of Kansas. Popular Science News 34:38.
Sternberg, C.H. 1905. Protostega gigas and other Cretaceous reptiles and fishes from the Kansas chalk. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 19:123-128.
Sternberg, C.H. 1906. Some animals discovered in the fossil beds of Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 20:122-124.
Sternberg, C.H. 1907. My expedition to the Kansas Chalk for 1907. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 21:111-114.
Sternberg, C.H. 1909. An armored dinosaur from the Kansas chalk. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 22: 257-258.
Sternberg, C.H. 1909. Expedition to the Laramie Beds of Converse County, Wyoming. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 22:113-116.
Sternberg, C.H. 1909. The life of a fossil hunter. Henry Holt and Company, 286 p. (reprinted by the Indiana University Press, 1990).
Sternberg, C.H. 1911. In the Niobrara and Laramie Cretaceous. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions23:70-74.
Sternberg, C.H., 1913. Expeditions to the Miocene of Wyoming and the chalk beds of Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 25:45-49. (Papers - Forty-fifth annual meeting, 1912) State Printing Office, Topeka.
Sternberg, C.H. 1914. Notes on the fossil vertebrates collected on the Cope expedition to the Judith River and Cow Island beds, Montana. Science (New Series) 40:134-135.
Sternberg, C.H. 1915. Evidence proving that the Belly River beds of Alberta are equivalent with the Judith River beds of Montana. Science (New Series) 42:131-133.
Sternberg, C.H. 1918. Sternberg's expedition to the Red Deer River, Alberta, 1917. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 29:88-91.
Sternberg, C.H. 1917. Hunting Dinosaurs in the Badlands of the Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada. World Company Press, Lawrence, Kansas, 261 pp.
Sternberg, C.H. 1920. Five years explorations in the fossil beds of Alberta. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 28:205-211.
Sternberg, C.H. 1922. Explorations of the Permian of Texas and the chalk of Kansas, 1918. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 30(1):119-120. (Papers - Fifty-first annual meeting, 1919), State Printer, Topeka.
Sternberg, C.H. 1922. Field work in Kansas and Texas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 30(2):339-348. (Papers - Fifty-second annual meeting, 1920), State Printer, Topeka.
Sternberg, C.H. 1929. Fossil monsters I have hunted. Popular Science Monthly 115:56, 57, 139, 140 (December).
Sternberg, G.F. 1930. Thrills in fossil Hunting. The Arend 1(1):139-153. (Published by Kansas State Teachers College, now Fort Hays State Univ.)
Sternberg, G.F. and M. V. Walker. 1957. Report on a plesiosaur skeleton from western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 60(1):86-87.
Sternberg, G.F. and M. V. Walker. 1958. Observation of articulated limb bones of a recently discovered pteranodon in the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 61(1):81-85.
Sternberg, M.L. 1920. George Miller Sternberg; A biography. American Medical Association, Chicago. i-ix, 331 pp., 10 pls.
Stewart, J. D. 1978. Earliest record of the Toxochelyidae. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 81(2):178 (abstract).
Stewart, J. D. 1980. Reevaluation of the phylogenetic position of the Ptychodontidae, Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 83(3):154. (abstract)
Stewart, J. D. 1988. The stratigraphic distribution of late Cretaceous Protosphyraenain Kansas and Alabama, Geology, In Nelson, M. E. (ed.), Paleontology and biostratigraphy of western Kansas: Articles in honor of Myrl V. Walker, Fort Hays Studies, 3(10):80-94. (Science).
Stewart, J. D. 1989. The earliest reputed North American mosasaur records are not mosasaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (Abstracts) 9:39A.
Stewart, J. D. 1990. Niobrara Formation vertebrate stratigraphy, pages 19-30, InBennett, S. C. (ed.), Niobrara Chalk Excursion Guidebook, The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History and the Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 90-60.
Stewart, J. D. and G. L. Bell, Jr. 1989. The earliest reputed North American mosasaur records are not mosasaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9:39A (abstract).
Stewart, J. D. and G. L. Bell, Jr. 1994. North America’s oldest mosasaurs are teleosts. Contributions to Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County), 441:1-9.
Stewart, J. D., S. C. Bennett, and R. J. Zakrzewski, 1990. Road Log from Lawrence to the type area of the Niobrara Chalk, October 9-10, 1990, pages 19-30, InBennett, S. C. (ed.), Niobrara Chalk Excursion Guidebook, The University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History and the Kansas Geological Survey, Open-file Report 90-60.
Stewart, J. D. and K. Carpenter. 1990. Examples of vertebrate predation on cephalopods in the late Cretaceous of the Western Interior. Pages 203-206 inBoucot, A. J., ed., Evolutionary paleobiology of behavior and coevolution. Elsevier, New York, 750 pp.
Stewart, J. D., P. A. Everhart and M. J. Everhart. 1991. Small coelacanths from Upper Cretaceous rocks of Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11(suppl. to 3):56A.
Stewart, J. D. and J. E. Martin. 1993. Late Cretaceous selachians and associated marine vertebrates from the Dakota Rose Quarry, Grant County, South Dakota. Proceedings South Dakota Academy Science 72:241-248.
Stock, C. 1939. Occurrence of Cretaceous reptiles in the Moreno Shales of the southern Coast Ranges, California. Proceedings National Academy Science 25: 617-620, 1 fig., 1 pl.
Stokes, W. L. 1942. Some field observations bearing on the origin of the Morrison "gastroliths". Science, New Series, 95(2453):18-19.
Storrs, G. W. 1981. A review of occurrences of the plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) in Texas with description of new material. Masters Thesis, The University of Texas at Austin, 226 pages.
Storrs, G. W. 1984. Elasmosaurus platyurus and a page from the Cope-Marsh war. Discovery 17(2):25-27.
Storrs, G. W. 1993. Function and phylogeny in sauropterygian (Diapsida) evolution. American Journal of Science 293A:63-90.
Storrs, G. W. 1994. A juvenile specimen of ?Plesiosaurus sp. from the Lias (Lower Jurassic, Pliensbachian) near Charmouth, Dorset, England. Proceedings Dorset Nat. Hist. and Arch. Society, 116:71-76.
Storrs, G. W. 1994. Fossil vertebrate faunas of the British Rhaetian (latest Triassic). Zool. Journal Linnean Society 112:217-259.
Storrs, G. W., 1995. Jurassic jaws surface in Wiltshire. Quarterly of the Dinosaur Society UK, 1(2):2 pp.
Storrs, G. W. 1997. Morphological and taxonomic clarification of the genus Plesiosaurus, pages 145-190, In Calloway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Storrs, G. W. 1999. An examination of Plesiosauria (Diapsida: Sauropterygia) from the Niobrara Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of central North America, The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, (N.S.), No. 11, 15 pp.
Storrs, G. W., M. S. Arkhangel'skii and V. M. Efimov. 2000. Mesozoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics. pages 187-210 InBenton, M. J., M. A. Shiskin, D. M. Unwin and E. N. Kurochkin, (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Storrs, G. W. and M. A. Taylor. 1996. Cranial anatomy of a new plesiosaur genus from the lowermost Lias (Rhaetian/Hettangian) of Street, Somerset, England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(3):403-420.
Stukely, W. 1719. An account of the impression of the almost entire skeleton of a large animal in very hard stone, lately presented to the Royal Society, from Nottinghamshire. Philadelphia Transactions, 30(360):963-968, 1 pl. (Available as a free .pdf file from www.plesiosaur.com- Courtesy of Richard Forrest)
Suárez, M. E. and O. Fritis. 2002. Neuvo registro de Aristonectes(Plesiosauridea, incertae sedis) del Cretacico Tardio de last formacion
Quiriquina, Cocholgüe, Chile. Bol. Soc. Biol. Concepcion, Chile. Tomo 73, pp. 87-93.(A
new record of Aristonectes (Plesiosauroidea, incertae sedis) from the
Late Cretaceous of the Quiriquina Formation, Cocholgüe, Chile) - in Spanish, English
abstract <MES>
Suzuki, S. 1985. A new species of Mosasaurus (Reptilia, Squamata) from the
Upper Cretaceous Hakobuchi Group in Central Hokkaido, Japan, (Citation in Japanese), pp.
45-66. (abstract in English, text in Japanese)
Tanimoto, M. 2005. Mosasaur remains from the Upper Cretaceous Izumi Group of southwest Japan. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 373-378.
Tanimoto, M. 2008. New material of Kourisodon sp. from Japan. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 156-158.
Tarlo, L. B., 1958. The scapula of Pliosaurus macromerus, Phillips. Palćontology, 1:193-199.
Tarlo, L. B., 1959. Pliosaurus brachyspondylus, Owen from the Kimmeridge Clay. Palćontology, 1:283-291.
Tarlo, L. B., 1959. Stretosaurus gen. nov., a giant pliosaur from the Kimmeridge Clay. Palćontology, 2:39-55.
Tarlo, L. B., 1960. A review of the Upper Jurassic pliosaurs: Bull Brit. Mus. (N. H.) Geology, 4:145-189, 9 pls. 20-28, 9 text-figs.
Tarsitano, S. and J. Reiss, 1982, Plesiosaur locomotion - underwater flight
versus rowing, N. Jb. Geological Paläont. Abh. 164:188-192.
Tarsitano, S. and J. Reiss. 1982, Considerations concerning plesiosaur locomotion, N. Jb.
Geological Paläont. Abh. 164:193-194.
Taylor, G. 1999. Winging it. New Scientist 163 (2201):28-32.
Taylor, M. A. 1981. Plesiosaurs - rigging and ballasting. Nature 290:628-629.
Taylor, M. A. 1986. Lifestyle of plesiosaurs. Nature, 319:179.
Taylor, M. A. 1989. Sea-dragons all aswim. Nature 338:381.
Taylor, M. A. 1989. Sea-saurians for sceptics. Nature 338:625-626.
Taylor, M. A. 1990. Two dietary developments. Nature 346:14-15.
Taylor, M. A. 1993. Stomach stones for feeding or buoyancy? The occurrence and function of gastroliths in marine tetrapods, Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London, Series B. 341:163-175.
Taylor, M. A. 1994. Stone, bone or blubber? Buoyancy control strategies in aquatic tetrapods, pp.151-161, In Maddock, L., Bone, Q., and Rayner, J. M. V. (ed.), Mechanics and Physiology of Animal Swimming, Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, M. A. 1997. Forward - Before the dinosaur: the historical significance of the fossil marine reptiles. pp. xix-xxvi, In Callaway J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Taylor, M. A., D. B. Norman, and A. R. I. Cruickshank. 1993. Remains of an ornithischian dinosaur in a pliosaur from the Kimmeridgian of England. Palaeontology 36 (2):357-360.
Tchernov, E. O. Rieppel, H. Zaher, M. J. Polcyn, and L. L. Jacobs. 2000. A fossil snake with limbs. Science. 287:210-212.
Thompson, W. A., Martin, J. E. and Reguero, M. 2007. Comparison of gastroliths within plesiosaurs (Elasmosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous marine deposits of Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula, and the Missouri River area, South Dakota. Pages 147-153 in Martin, J. E. and Parris D. C. (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427.
Thulborn, R. A. 1982. Liassic plesiosaur embryos reinterpreted as shrimp burrows. Palaeonotology 25(2):351-359. (takes issue with Seeley 1887)
Thurmond, J. T. 1968. A new polycotylid plesiosaur from the Lake Waco Formation (Cenomanian) of Texas. Journal of Paleontology 42:1289-1296.
Thurmond, J. T. 1969. Notes on mosasaurs from Texas. The Texas Journal of Science 21(1):69-79.
Thurmond, J. T. and D. E. Jones, 1981. Fossil vertebrates of Alabama. University of Alabama Press. Tuscaloosa, ix + 244 p., 88 text figs. (pages 120-204; Reptilia).
Thulborn, T. and Turner, S. 1995. An elasmosaur bitten by a pliosaur. pp. 499-511 (Chapter 29) In Sarjeant, W. A. S. (ed.), Vertebrate fossils and the evolution of scientific concepts, Gorden and Breach Publishers.
Tokaryk, T.T. 1995. A plioplatecarpine mosasaur from the Bearpaw Shale (Upper Cretaceous) of Saskatchewan, Canada. pp. 513-519 (Chapter 30) In Sarjeant, W. A. S. (ed.), Vertebrate fossils and the evolution of scientific concepts, Gorden and Breach Publishers.
Tokaryk, T.T., S.L. Cumbaa, and J.E. Storer. 1997. Early Late Cretaceous birds from Saskatchewan, Canada: the oldest diverse avifauna known from North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17:172-176.
Townsend, C.W. 1909. The use of the wings and feet by diving birds. Auk 26(3): 234-248.
Tsujita, C.M. and G.E.G. Westermann. 1998. Ammonoid habitats and habits in the Western Interior Seaway: a case study from the Upper Cretaceous Bearpaw Formation of southern Alberta, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 144:135-160.
Tsujita, C.J., and Westermann, G.E.G. 2001. Were limpets or mosasaurs responsible for the perforations in the ammonite Placenticeras? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 169:245–270.
Tykoski, R.S. and Fiorillo, A.R. 2010.
An enantiornithine bird from the lower middle Cenomanian of
Upham, W. 1895. The glacial lake Agassiz. Monographs of the United States Geological Survey; v. 25 Washington, Govt. print. off., 658 p. (Chapter 3 includes information about the subsurface Niobrara and Pierre Shale formations in Minnesota)
Vance, T. 1992. Synopsis of the prehistoric reptiles of Arkansas. Occasional Papers Dallas Paleontological Society 2(1-31)
Vance, T. 1993. Current status of trivial names associated with prehistoric Texas reptiles. Occasional Papers Dallas Paleontological Society 3(11-41)
Vance, T. 1993. Hypothetical restoration of Elasmosaurus morgani and some of the problems involved. Occasional Papers Dallas Paleontological Society 3(113-119)
Vance, T. 1993. Preliminary checklist of the prehistoric reptiles of Texas. Occasional Papers Dallas Paleontological Society 3(43-66)
Vance, T. 1997. Did mosasaurs have a dorsal fin? Occasional Papers Dallas Paleontological Society 3(99-106).
Van
Marum, M. 1790. Beschrijving der beenderen van den kop van eenen visch,
geveonden in den St. Pieterberg bij Maastricht, en geplaatst in
Varricchio, D. J. 2001. Gut contents from a Cretaceous Tyrannosaurid; Implications for Theropod dinosaur digestive tracts. Journal of Paleontology 75(2):401-406. (Micro-photographs of partially digested bone - similar to shark digested mosasaur remains)
Vaughn, P.P. 1956. A second specimen of the Cretaceous crocodile Dakotasuchusfrom Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 59(3):379-381.
Vaughn, P.P. and M.R. Dawson. 1956. On the occurrence of tympanic membranes in the mosasaur Platecarpus, Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 59(3):382-384.
Vidal, N. and S.B. Hedges. 2004. Molecular evidence for a terrestrial origin of snakes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B (Supplement) 271, S226-S229.
VonLoh, J.P. and G.L. Bell, Jr. 1998. Fossil reptiles from the late Cretaceous Greenhorn Formation (Late Cenomanian-Middle Turonian) of the Black Hills Region, South Dakota, Dakoterra 5:28-38.
Vullo, R., Buffetaut, E. and Everhart, M.J. 2012. Reappraisal of Gwawinapterus beardi from the Late Cretaceous of Canada: A saurodontid fish, not a pterosaur. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32(5):1198-1201.
Wahl, W.A. 2006. A juvenile plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) assemblage from the Sundance Formation (Jurassic), Natrona County, Wyoming. Paludicola 5(4):255-261.
Wahl, W.R. 2008. Bite marks on an ammonite; Re-evaluation of the limpet home marks versus mosasaur predation and preservation of an aborted attack? Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 168-172.
Wagner, G. 1898. On some turtle remains from the Fort Pierre. Kansas University Quarterly 7(4):201-203
Walker, M. V. 1967. Revival of interest in the toothed birds of Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 70(1):60-66.
Wang, X. and Z. Zhou. 2004. Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous. Nature 429:621.
Ward, H. A. 1870 Catalogue of the college series of casts of fossils. E. D. Andrews, printers, Rochester, N.Y.
Webb, W. E. 1872. Buffalo Land - An authentic account of the discoveries, adventures, and mishaps of a scientific and sporting party in the Wild West. Hubbard Bros., Philadelphia, 503 pp.
Welles, S. P. 1939. Plesiosaur from the upper Cretaceous of the San Joaquin Valley. Bulletin Geological Society of America 50:1974.
Welles, S. P. 1943. Elasmosaurid plesiosaurs with a description of the new material from California and Colorado. University of California Memoirs 13:125-254. figs.1-37., pls.12-29.
Welles, S. P. 1949. A new elasmosaur from the Eagle Ford Shale of Texas, Fondren Science Series, Southern Methodist University, 1:1-28
Welles, S. P. 1952. A review of the North American Cretaceous elasmosaurs. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 29:47-143, 25 text figures.
Welles, S. P. 1953. Jurassic plesiosaur vertebrae from California. Journal of Paleontology 27:743-744, 1 fig.
Welles, S. P. 1962. A new species of elasmosaur from the Aptian of Columbia and a review of the Cretaceous plesiosaurs, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 44(1):96 p., 4 pl., 23 text figures.
Welles, S. P. 1970. The longest neck in the ocean. Museum Notes, University of Nebraska State Museum, 43:1-2.
Welles, S. P. and J. Bump. 1949. Alzadasaurus pembertoni, a new elasmosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of South Dakota, Journal of Paleontology 23(5):521-535.
Welles, S. P. and D. R. Gregg, 1971. Late Cretaceous marine reptiles of New Zealand, Records of the Canterbury Museum, 9(1):1-111.
Welles, S. P. and B. H. Slaughter. 1963. The first record of the plesiosauria genus Polyptychodon (Pliosauridae ) from the New World. Journal of Paleontology 37:131-133. pl.18.
Welton, B. J. and R. F. Farish,. 1993. The collectors guide to fossil sharks and rays from the Cretaceous of Texas. Before Time, 204 pp. (Feeding traces on mosasaurs)
Whetstone, K. N. 1977. A plesiosaur from the Coon Creek Formation (Cretaceous) of Tennessee. Journal of Paleontology 51(2):424-425.
White, T. E. 1940. Holotype of Plesiosaurus longirostris Blake and the classification of the plesiosaurs. Journal of Paleontology 14:451-467.
Whitfield, R. P. 1900. Notes on the principal type specimen of Mosasaurus maximus Cope, Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 13(art. 4):25-29, pls. 4-5.
Whittle, C. H. and M. J. Everhart. 2000. Apparent and implied evolutionary trends in lithophagic vertebrates from New Mexico and elsewhere, pages 75-82, InLucas, S. G. and A. B. Heckert, (eds.), Dinosaurs of New Mexico, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 17.
Wieland, G. R. 1896. Archelon ischyros: a new gigantic cryptodire testudinate from the Fort Pierre Cretaceous of South Dakota. American Journal of Science 4 Series , 2:399-412, pl. v.
Wieland, G. R. 1898. The Protostegan plastron. American Journal of Science 4 Series , 5:15-20, with pl. ii.
Wieland, G. R. 1900. The skull, pelvis, and probable relationships of the huge turtles of the genus Archelon from the Fort Pierre Cretaceous of South Dakota. American Journal of Science 4 ser, 9(52):237-251, with pl. i.
Wieland, G. R. 1900. Some observations on certain well-marked stages in the evolution of the testudinate humerus. American Journal of Science. 4th Series, 9(54):413-424.
Wieland, G. R. 1902. Notes on the Cretaceous turtles, Toxochelys and Archelon, with a classification of the marine Testudinata. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 14:95-108, 2 text-figs.
Wieland, G. R. 1905. A new Niobrara Toxochelys. American Journal of Science 4 Series , :325-343, pl. x, 8 text-figs.
Wieland, G. R. 1906. The osteology of Protostega, Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, 2(7):279-305. <EM>
Wieland, G. R. 1906. Dinosaurian gastroliths. American Journal of Science. New Series. 23(595):819-821.
Wieland, G. R. 1907, Gastroliths, Science, (N. S.) 25(628):66-67.
Wieland, G. R. 1909. Revision of the Protostegidae. American Journal of Science, Series 4. 27(158):101-130, pls. ii-iv, 12 text-figs.
Wieland, G. R. 1909. An armored saurian. Contributions to the American Journal of Science 27:250-252. (March)
Wieland, G. R. 1909. A new armored saurian from the Niobrara. Cont. Peabody Museum, XIX:250-252 (reprinted from the American Journal of Science (above))
Wiffen, J. 1980. Moanasaurus, a new genus of marine reptile (Family Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 23:507-528.
Wiffen, J. 1990. New mosasaurs (Reptilia; Family Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 33:67-85.
Wiffen, J. 1990. Taxonomic note: Moanasaurus mangahouangae or Mosasaurus mangahouangae? New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 33:87-88.
Wiffen, J. 1991. Valley of the Dragons; The story of New Zealand's dinosaur woman. Random Century Books, 128 pages.
Wiffen, J. and W. L. Moisley. 1986. Late Cretaceous reptiles (Families Elasmosauridae and Pliosauridae) from the Mangahouanga Stream, North Island, New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 29:205-252.
Williston, S. W. 1878. American Jurassic dinosaurs. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 6:42-46.
Williston, S.W. 1879. Are birds derived from dinosaurs? Kansas City Review of Science Industry3:457-460.
Williston, S.W. 1885.Über Ornithocheirus hilsensis Koken. Zoologische Anzeiger 8:628-629.
Williston, S.W. 1886. Über Ornithocheirus hilsensis Koken (zweite Notiz). Zoologische Anzeiger 9:282-283.
Williston, S.W. 1890. Chalk from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas. Science 16(404):249.
Williston, S.W. 1890. Structure of the plesiosaurian skull. Science 16(405):262.
Williston, S.W. 1890. Structure of the plesiosaurian skull. Science 16(407):290. (addendum)
Williston, S.W. 1890. A new plesiosaur from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 7:174-178, with 2 fig.
Williston, S.W. 1891. Kansas mosasaurs. Science. 18(463):345.
Williston, S.W. 1891. The skull and hind extremity of Pteranodon. American Naturalist 25(300):1124-1126. (Mentions scleral plates: See Marsh, 1872)
Williston, S.W. 1892. Kansas pterodactyls. Part I. Kansas University Quarterly 1:1-13, pl. i.
Williston, S.W. 1893. Kansas pterodactyls. Part II. Kansas University Quarterly 2:79-81, with 1 fig.
Williston, S.W. 1893. Mosasaurs, Part II: Restoration of Clidastes, Kansas University Quarterly 2(2):83-84, 1 plate. (see Williston and Case 1892 for Part I).
Williston, S.W. 1893. The Niobrara Cretaceous of western Kansas. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 13:107-111.
Williston, S.W. 1893. An interesting food habit of the plesiosaurs. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 13:121-122, 1 plate.
Williston, S.W. 1894. On various vertebrate remains from the lowermost Cretaceous of Kansas. Kansas University Quarterly 3(1):1-4, pl. I.
Williston, S.W., 1894. A new turtle from the Benton Cretaceous. Kansas University Quarterly 3(1):5-18, with pls. ii-v.
Williston, S.W., 1894. A food habit of the plesiosaurs. The American Naturalist 28(325):50.
Williston, S.W. 1895. New or little-known extinct vertebrates. Kansas University Quarterly3(3):165-176.
Williston, S.W. 1895. Note on the mandible of Ornithostoma. Kansas University Quarterly 4:61.
Williston, S.W. 1896. On the dermal covering of Hesperornis.Kansas University Quarterly 5(1):53-54, pl. II.
Williston, S.W. 1897. On the extremities of Tylosaurus. Kansas University Quarterly 4:99-102, with pls. i.
Williston, S.W. 1897. Range and distribution of the mosasaurs with remarks on synonymy. Kansas University Quarterly, 4(4):177-185.
Williston, S.W. 1896. On the skull of Ornithostoma. Kansas University Quarterly 4(4):195-197, with pl. i.
Williston, S.W. 1897. Restoration of Ornithostoma (Pteranodon). Kansas University Quarterly 6:35-51, with pl. ii.
Williston, S.W. 1897. Brachysaurus, a new genus of mosasaurs, Kansas University Quarterly 6(2):95-98.
Williston,
S.W. 1897. Restoration of
Williston, S.W. 1897. The Kansas Niobrara Cretaceous, The University Geological Survey of
Kansas, 2:237-246.
Williston, S.W. 1897. A new plesiosaur from the Kansas Comanche Cretaceous. Kansas University Quarterly 4:57.
Williston, S.W. 1898. Addenda to Part I. The University Geological Survey of Kansas, 4:28-32.
Williston, S.W. 1898. Birds. The University Geological Survey of Kansas, Part II, 4:43-49, pls. 5-8.
Williston, S.W. 1898. Bird Tracks from the Dakota Cretaceous. The University Geological Survey of Kansas, Part II, 4:50-53, Fig. 2.
Williston, S.W. 1898. Birds. The University Geological Survey of Kansas, Part II, 4:43-53, pls.5-8.
Williston, S.W. 1898. Dinosaurs. The University Geological Survey of Kansas, Part III, 4:67-70, pl. 9.
Williston, S.W. 1898. Crocodiles. The University Geological Survey of Kansas, Part IV, 4:75-78, pl. 9.
Williston, S.W. 1898. Mosasaurs.The University Geological Survey of Kansas, Part V. 4:81-347, pls. 10-72. (Click here for some of the figures from this article)
Williston, S.W. 1898. Turtles. The University Geological Survey of Kansas, Part VI. 4:349-369. pls. 73-78.
Williston, S.W. 1898. Editorial Notes. Kan. University Quarterly 7(4):235.
Williston, S.W. 1899. Some additional characters of the mosasaurs, Kansas University Quarterly, 8(1):39-41, 1 plate.
Williston, S.W. 1899. Prof. Benjamin F. Mudge. American Geologist 23(6):339-345.
Williston, S.W. 1900. Cretaceous fishes [of Kansas]. Selachians and Pycnodonts. University Geological Survey Kansas VI, pp. 237-256, with pls
Williston, S.W. 1901. A new turtle from the Kansas Cretaceous. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 17:195-199.
Williston, S.W. 1902. Restoration of Dolichorhynchops osborni, a new
Cretaceous plesiosaur, Kansas University Science Bulletin, 1(9):241-244, 1 plate.
Williston, S. W. 1902. Notes on some new or little-known extinct reptiles, Kansas
University Science Bulletin, 1(9):247-254, 2 plates.
Williston, S.W. 1902. On certain homoplastic characters in aquatic air-breathing
vertebrates, Kansas University Science Bulletin, 1(9):259-266.
Williston, S.W. 1902. Winged reptiles. Popular Science Monthly LX 314-322, 2 figs.
Williston, S.W. 1902. On the skeleton of Nyctodactylus, with restoration. American Journal of Anatomy. 1:297-305.
Williston, S.W. 1902. On the cranial anatomy of plesiosaurs, American Journal of Anatomy 1:518
Williston, S.W. 1902. On the hind limb of Protostega. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 13(76):276-278, 1 fig.
Williston, S.W. 1902. On the skull of Nyctodactylus, an Upper Cretaceous pterodactyl. Journal of Geology X 520-531, 2 pls.
Williston, S.W. 1902. Review of Seeley's Dragons of the Air. Science 15(367):67-68.
Williston, S.W. 1903. North American plesiosaurs, Field Columbian Museum, Pub. 73, Geological Series, 2(1):1-79, 29 plates.
Williston, S.W. 1903. On the structure of the plesiosaurian skull.
Science 17(442):980.
Williston, S.W. 1903. On the osteology of Nyctosaurus (Nyctodactylus), with notes on American pterosaurs. Field Museum Publications (Geological Series ) 2(3):125-163, 2 figs., pls. XL-XLIV.
Williston, S.W. 1904. The stomach stones of the plesiosaurs. Science (new series) 22:565.
Williston, S.W. 1904. The relationships and habits of the mosasaurs, Journal of Geology, 12(4):43-51.
Williston, S.W. 1904. The fingers of pterodactyls. Geology Magazine, Series 5, 1(2): 5:59-60.
Williston, S.W. 1905. A new armored dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming. Science. New Series 22(564):503-504.
Williston, S.W. 1906. North American plesiosaurs: Elasmosaurus, Cimoliasaurus, and Polycotylus, American Journal of Science Series 4, 21(123):221-234, 4 pl.
Williston, S.W. 1907. The skull of Brachauchenius, with special observations on the relationships of the plesiosaurs. United States National Museum Proceedings 32:477-489. pls. 34-37.
Williston, S.W. 1908. The evolution and distribution of the plesiosaurs. Science 27(697):726-727.
Williston, S.W. 1908. North American plesiosaurs: Trinacromerum. Journal of Geology 16:715-735. figs. 1-15.
Williston, S.W. 1910. A mounted skeleton of Platecarpus. Journal of Geology 18(6):537-541, 1 fig.
Williston, S.W. 1911 The wing-finger of pterodactyls, with restoration of Nyctosaurus. Journal of Geology. 19:696–705.
Williston, S.W. 1912, A review of G. B. Eaton's "Osteology of Pteranodon". Journal of Geology. 20:288.
Williston, S.W. 1914. Water reptiles of the past and present. Chicago University Press. 251 pp. (Free, downloadable .pdf version here)
Williston, S.W. 1918. The progress of science since the foundation of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 29:53-61.
Williston, S.W. 1918. The evolution of vertebrae.
Contributions from the
Williston,
S.W. 1918. The osteology of some American Permian vertebrates III. Contributions
from the
Williston, S.W. 1925. The osteology of the reptiles. Arranged and edited by William King Gregory. Cambridge, Mass.. xiii + 298 pp., 191 figs.
Williston, S.W. and Case, E.C. 1892. Kansas mosasaurs - Part I: Clidastes. Kansas University Quarterly 1:15-32, Pl. II-VI.
Williston,
S.W. and R.L. Moodie. 1913. New plesiosaurian genus from the Cretaceous of Nebraska. Bulletin of the Geological
Society of America 24: 120-121.
Williston, S.W. and R.L. Moodie. 1917. Ogmodirus martinii, a new plesiosaur from the Cretaceous of Kansas. Kansas University Science Bulletin 10:61-73, figs. 1-3., plates 1-5. (see also Moodie, 1916)
Wilson, G., Schiřler, P., Hiller, N. and Jones, C.M. 2005. Age and provenance of Cretaceous marine reptiles from the South Island and Chatham Islands, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 48: 377-387.
Wiman, C.J. 1920. Some reptiles from the Niobrara group in Kansas. Bulletin of the Geological Institute of Upsala 18:9-18, 9 figs., pls. II-IV.
Winkler, T. C. 1873. Le Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus Conyb. Arch. Mus. Teyler 3:219-233, figs. 1-10, pl. VI.
Witton,
M.P. 2010. Pteranodon and beyond: the
history of giant pterosaurs from 1870 onwards. pp. 313-323 in Moody, R.T.J.,
Buffetaut, E., Naish, D. and Martill, D.M. (eds.), Dinosaurs and Other Extinct Saurians: A Historical Perspective.
Geological Society,
Witton,
M.P. and Habib, M.B. 2010. On the size and flight diversity of giant pterosaurs,
the use of birds as pterosaur analogues and comments on pterosaur flightlessness.
PLoS One 5(11):1-18.
Witton, M. P., and Naish, D. 2008. A reappraisal of Azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology. PLoS Biology 3(5):1-16.
Woodward, A.S. 1906. Note on some portions of
mosasaurian jaws obtained by Mr. G. E. Dibley from the middle chalk of
Wright, K. R. 1985. A new specimen of Globidens alabamaensis from Alabama. Journal Alabama Academy of Science 56(3):102. (Abs.)
Wright, K. R. 1986. A preliminary report on biostratigraphic zonation of the Alabama mosasaurs. Journal Alabama Academy of Science 57(3):146. (Abs.)
Wright, K. R. 1986. On the biostratigraphic distribution of mosasaurs in western and central Alabama. Abstracts, Fourth North American Paleontological Convention, page A51.
Wright, K. R. 1987. The mosasaur Clidastes: new specimens and new problems. Journal Alabama Academy of Science 58(3):99. (Abs.)
Wright, K. R. 1988. The first record of Clidastes liodontus (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the eastern United States, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 8(3):343-345.
Wright, K. R. 1989. On the taxonomic status of Moanasaurus mangahouangaeWiffen (Squamata: Mosasauridae), Journal of Paleontology, 63(1):126-127.
Wright, K. R. and S. W. Shannon. 1988. Selmasaurus russelli, A new plioplatecarpine mosasaur (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from Alabama, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 8(1):102-107.
Young, B.A., Boetig, M., Fahey, A., and Lawrence, A. 2008. The diversity of aquatic locomotion in extant varanoid lizards. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue 3, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas, pp. 159-167.
Zangerl, R. 1953. The vertebrate fauna of the Selma formation of Alabama, Part IV, the turtles of the family Toxochelyidae. Fieldiana; Geology Memoirs 3(4): 137 - 277.
Zangerl, R. 1980. Patterns of phylogenic differentiation in the toxochelyid and chelonid sea turtles. American Zoologist 20:585-596.
Zangerl, R. and R. E. Sloan. 1960. A new description of Desmatochelys lowi (Williston). A primitive cheloniid sea turtle from the Cretaceous of South Dakota. Fieldiana, Geology Memoirs 14:7-40.
