![]() |
M. J. EVERHARTS MARINE REPTILE REFERENCES:MOSASAURS, PLESIOSAURS, TURTLES AND OTHER FAUNACopyright by Mike Everhart © 2001-2008Updated 07/03/2008 |
NEW! ePapers: Scans of older paleontology papers on the Web - For other Cretaceous fossil references, go HERE
To look up other publications about vertebrate paleontology, go to John Damuth's Bibliography of Fossil Vertebrates.
NOTE: I have copies of all of the references listed below in my library. I am always interested in acquiring additional reference material. Please contact me if you have a marine reptile article that I don't have. A special "Thank you!" to T. Lingham-Soliar for his contribution of mosasaur, plesiosaur and ichthyosaur reprints. Another big "Thank you!" to Earl Manning for his editorial assistance and contribution of many 1800s paleontology, mosasaur, plesiosaur, pteranodon, fish and bird papers, and to Dr. Robert Firestone for his expert translations of Goldfuss (1845) and von Huene (1910).
Adams, D. A., 1997. Trinacromerum bonneri, new species, last and fastest pliosaur of the Western Interior Seaway. Texas Journal of Science, 49(3):179-198.
Agassiz, L. 1849. [Sphenosaurus and Atlantochelys.] Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 4(8):169. <EM>
Almy, K. J., 1987. Thofs dragon and the letters of Capt. Theophilus Turner, M.D., U.S. Army, Kansas History Magazine, 10(3):170-200. (Background on the discovery of Elasmosaurus platyurus, Copes "head on the wrong end" plesiosaur - historical)
Andrews, C. W. 1895. Note on a skeleton of a young plesiosaur from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough. Geological Magazine, Decade IV, 2:372): 241-243, 1 pl. <SS>
Andrews, C. W. 1896. On the structure of the plesiosaurian skull. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London. 246-253.
Andrews, C. W. 1897. On the structure of the skull of a pliosaur. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 53:177-185, pl. XII.
Andrews, C. W. 1910. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford Clay - based on the Leeds collection in the BM (NH), London, part I. London: BM (NH).
Andrews, C. W. 1913. A descriptive catalogue of the marine reptiles of the Oxford Clay. Based on the Leeds collection in the British Museum (Natural History), London. Part II. 4[quarto], London. xxiv + 206 pp., 73 figs., frontisp., 13 pls. (in part, C.M.)
Andrews, C. W. 1922. Description of a new plesiosaur from the Weald Clay of Berwick (Sussex). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London; 78(3): 285-298, pl. XIV-XV.
Anonymous. 1880. Obituary for Professor B. F. Mudge, American Journal of Science 3:82.
Anonymous. 1881. Sketch of Edward D. Cope. Popular Science Monthly 19(1):110-113, with portrait.
Anonymous. 1888. A Cretaceous bird-track. American Naturalist, 22(253):55. (includes the original 1887 bird track article by Prof. F. H. Snow)
Anonymous. 1891. Professor [D. W.] Thompson on the systematic position of Hesperornis. Auk 8(3): 304-305.
Anonymous. 1899. Sketch of George M. Sternberg. Popular Science Monthly 41(1):116-121, with portrait.
Anonymous. 1934. The South Dakota plesiosaur skeleton. Science (n. s.) 80(suppl.)2084:12.
Bailey, V. 1923. Maximilian's travels in the interior of North America; 1832 to 1834. Natural History 23(4):337-343.
Baird, D. 1967. Age of fossil birds from the Greensands of New Jersey. Auk 84(2): 260-262
Baird, D. 1978. Pneumatoarthrus Cope, 1870, not a dinosaur but a sea-turtle. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 129(4):71-81.
Baird, D. 1984. No ichthyosaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of New Jersey... or Saskatchewan. The Mosasaur 2:129-133.
Baird, D. 1984. Evidence of giant protostegid sea-turtles in the Cretaceous of New Jersey. The Mosasaur 2:135-140.
Baird, D. 1986. Halisaurus and Prognathodon, Two uncommon mosasaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of New Jersey, The Mosasaur, 3:37-45.
Baird, D. 1986. A skull fragment of the Cretaceous cheloniid turtle Osteopygis from Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, The Mosasaur, 3:47-52.
Baird, D. 1986. Upper Cretaceous reptiles from the Severn Formation of Maryland, The Mosasaur, 3:63-85.
Baird, D. and G. R. Case, 1966. Rare marine reptiles from the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Journal of Paleontology 40(5)1211-1215.
Baird, D. and P. M. Dalton, 1981. Pterosaur bones from the Upper Cretaceous of Delaware. Journal of Paleontology 1(1):67-71.
Baker, A. A. 1956.The swallowing of stones by animals. The Victorian Naturalist 73(6):82-95. <OW>
Bakker, R. T., 1986. The dinosaur heresies, William Morrow and Company, Inc., 482 pages. (see Chapter 21 on marine reptiles)
Bakker, R. T. 1993. Plesiosaur extinction cycles - Events that mark the beginning, middle and end of the Cretaceous. pp. 641-664, In Caldwell, W. G. E. and Kaufmann, E.G. (eds.), Evolution of the Western Interior Basin, Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 39.
Bakker, R. T. 1993. Jurassic sea monsters. Discover, 14(9):78-85.
Ballou, W. H., 1897. Strange creatures of the past: Gigantic saurians of the reptilian age. Century Magazine (n. s.) 55(1)15-23.
Ballou, W. H. 1898. The serpentlike sea saurians. Popular Science Monthly. 53:209-225, 2pls. (June issue)
Barck, A. 1992. Paleontology of the Glen Rose Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Hood County, Texas. Texas Journal of Science 44(1):3-24.
Bardack, D. 1968. Fossil vertebrates from the marine Cretaceous of Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 5:145-153.
Bardet, N. Cappetta, H., Suberbiola, X. P., Mouty, M., Al Maleh, A. K., Khrata, O., and Gannoum, N. 2000. The marine vertebrate faunas of the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Syria. Geological Magazine 137(3):269-290.
Bardet, N. J., C. Corral and X. P. Suberbiola. 1997. Les mosasaures (Squamata) du Crétecé Supérieur du bassin Basco-Cantabrique. Geobios 20:19-26.
Bardet, N., Fernández, M., García-Ramos, X.C. Suberbiola, X.P., Piñuela. L., Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I., and Vincent, P. 2008. A juvenile plesiosaur from the Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) of Asturias, Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(1): 258-263.
Bardet, N. P. Godefroit and J. Sciau, 1999. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur from the lower Jurassic of southern France. Palaeontology 42(5):927-952, 4 pls.
Bardet, N. and J. W. M. Jagt. 1996. Mosasaurus hoffmani, le "Grand animal fossile des Carrieres de Maestricht": deux sicles dhistoire, Bulletin de Museum dHistoire naturelle, Paris, 4th Series, 18, Section C, No. 4, pp. 569-593. (in French, with a nice series of plates of the first discovered mosasaur)
Bardet, N., J. W. M. Jagt, M. M. M. Kuypers, and R. W. Dortangs. 1998. Shark tooth marks on a vertebra of the mosasaur Plioplatecarpus marshi from the Late Maastrichtian of Belgium. Publicaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg 41(1): 52-55.
Bardet, N. and X. P. Suberbiola. 2001. The basal mosasaurid Halisaurus sternbergii from the Late Cretaceous of Kansas (North America): a review of the Uppsala type specimen. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 332:395-402.<NB>
Bardet N. and X. P. Suberbiola. 2002. Marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous Phosphates of Jordan: palaeobiogeographical implications Geodiversitas 24(4):831-839.
Bardet N., X. P. Suberbiola, M. Iarochene, F. Bouyahyaoui, B. Bouya, and M. Amaghzaz. 2004. Mosasaurus beaugei Arambourg, 1952 (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco. Geobios (in press)
Bardet N., X. P. Suberbiola, M. Iarochene, F. Bouyahyaoui, B. Bouya, and M. Amaghzaz. 2005. A new species of Halisaurus from the Late Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, and the phylogenetical relationships of the Halisaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143: 447-472.
Bardet N., X. P. Suberbiola and N-E Jalil. 2003. A new polycotylid plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Morocco. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2(5):307-315.
Bardet N., X. P. Suberbiola and N-E Jalil. 2003. A new mosasauroid (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Morocco. Comptes Rendus Palevol 2(8):607-616.
Bardet, N., Pereda Suberbiola, X., Iarochène, M., Amalik M., and Bouya, B. 2005. Durophagous Mosasauridae (Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, with description of a new species of Globidens. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 167-176.
Bardet, N. and C. Tunoglu, 2002. The first mosasaur (Squamata) from the Late Cretaceous of Turkey. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(3):712-715. <NB>
Baur, G., 1890. On the characters and systematic position of the large sea-lizards, Mosasauridae. Science 16(405):262.
Baur, G., 1890. A review of the charges against the Paleontological Department of the U. S. Geological Survey, and of the defence made by Prof. O. C. Marsh. American Naturalist 24(279):298-304. (Mar., 1890 issue, published April 3, 1890)
Baur, G., 1892. On the morphology of the skull of the Mosasauridae, Journal of Morphology, 7(1):1-22, 2 plates.
Baur, G., 1895. Cope on the temporal part of the skull, and on the systematic position of the Mosasauridae. American Naturalist 29(347):999-1002.
Beamon, J. C. 1999. Depositional environment and fossil biota of a thin clastic unit of the Kiowa Formation, Lower Cretaceous (Albian), McPherson County, Kansas. Unpublished MS Thesis, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS, 97 p.
Beard, J. C., 1901. Something about ancient American Saurians. Scientific American. 85:267. (issue of October 26)
Bell, B. A., P. A. Murry and L. W. Osten. 1982. Coniasaurus Owen, 1850 from North America. Journal of Paleontology 56(2):520-524.
Bell, G. L., Jr. 1985. Vertebrate faunal zones in the Upper Cretaceous of west central Alabama. Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society American 17(2):80.
Bell, G. L., Jr. 1993, A phylogenetic revision of Mosasauroidea, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, 293 pages.
Bell, G. L., Jr. 1994. A phylogenetic revision of mosasauridae and related taxa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to 3):17A.
Bell, G. L., Jr. 1995. Middle Turonian (Cretaceous) mosasauroids from Big Bend National Park, Texas, In Santucci V. L. and McClelland, L., eds., National Park Service Paleontological Research; U. S. Department of the Interior Technical Report NPS/NRPO/NRTR-95/16, p. 34-39.
Bell, G. L. Jr. 1997. Part IV: Mosasauridae - Introduction. pp. 281-292 In Callaway J. M. and E. L Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, 501 pages.
Bell, G. L. Jr. 1997. A phylogenetic revision of North American and Adriatic Mosasauroidea. pp. 293-332 In Callaway J. M. and E. L Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, 501 pages.
Bell, G. L. Jr., and J. E. Martin. 1995. Direct evidence of aggressive intraspecific competition in Mosasaurus conodon (Mosasauridae: Squamata). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to 3):18A.
Bell, G. L. Jr., J. E. Martin, D. C. Parris and B. S. Grandstaff. 1994. Mosasaurus dekayi in the upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) marine deposits of South Dakota and New Jersey. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to 3):17A.
Bell, G. L. Jr. and M. J. Polcyn, 1995. A new basal mosasauroid from the Arcadia Park Member of the Eagle Ford Shale (Late Middle Turonian) near Dallas, Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to 3):18A.
Bell, G. L. Jr. and M. J. Polcyn, 1996. Distribution of the lizard, Coniasaurus, in the western interior Cretaceous seaway and its paleoecological implications. GSA RM Sect. Ann. Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, 28(4):2.
Bell, G. L. Jr. and M. J. Polcyn. 2004. Polyphyly of Mosasauridae: The growing body of evidence. Abstract book and field guide of the First Mosasaur Meeting, Schulp, A. S. and John W. M. Jagt (eds.), Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, the Netherlands, pp. 15 (Abstract).Bell, G.L. Jr. and Polcyn, M.J. 2005. Dallasaurus turneri, a new primitive mosasauroid from the Middle Turonian of Texas and comments on the phylogeny of Mosasauridae (Squamata). Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 177-194.
Bell, G. L. Jr., J. F. Sawyer and J. E. Martin, 1996. New records of vertebrate occurrences in Carlile Shale (Turonian) of southwestern South Dakota. GSA RM Sect. Ann. Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, 28(4):2.
Bell, G. L. Jr., and M. A. Sheldon, 1986. Description of a very young mosasaur from Greene County, Alabama, Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science, Vol. 57, No. 2, pages 76-82.
Bell, G. L. Jr. and A. M. Sheldon. 2004. A gravid mosasaur (Plioplatecarpus) from South Dakota. Abstract book and field guide of the First Mosasaur Meeting, Schulp, A. S. and John W. M. Jagt (eds.), Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, the Netherlands, pp. 16 (Abstract).Bell, G. L. Jr., M. A. Sheldon, J. P. Lamb and J. E. Martin, 1996. The first direct evidence of live birth in Mosasauridae (Squamata): Exceptional preservation in Cretaceous Pierre Shale of South Dakota. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16(suppl. to 3):21A.
Bell, G. L. Jr., and J. P. VonLoh. 1998. New records of Turonian mosasauroids from the western United States. Fossil vertebrates of the Niobrara Formation in South Dakota, Dakoterra 5:15-28.
Bennett, S. C., 1987. New evidence on the tail of pterosaur Pteranodon (Archosauria: Pterosauria). 3:12-17. In Currie, P. M. and E. H. Koster (eds.), Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Occasional Paper of the Tyrrell Museum PalaeontologyBennett, S. C., 1992. Sexual dimorphism of Pteranodon and other pterosaurs, with comments on cranial crests. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 p. 422-434.
Bennett, S. C., 1994. Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloida). Occasional Papers of the Natural. History Museum, University of Kansas. 169:1-70.
Bennett, S. C., 2000. Inferring Stratigraphic Position of Fossil Vertebrates from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. Kansas Geological Survey, Current Research in Earth Sciences, Bulletin 244, part 1. Photos are here
Bennett, S. C. 2000. New information on the skeletons of Nyctosaurus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(Supplement to Number 3):29A.
Bennett, S. C., 2002. Soft tissue preservation of the cranial crest of the pterosaur Germanodactylus from Solnhofen. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(1):43-48. <SCB>
Bennett, S. C., 2003. A survey of pathologies of large pterydactyloid pterosaurs. Palaeontology, 46(1):185-198.
Bennett, S. C. 2003. New crested specimens of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Nyctosaurus. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 77:61-75. SEE PHOTOS HERE
Bird, R. T. 1985. Bones for Barnum Brown: Adventures of a dinosaur hunter. Texas Christian University Press, Fort Worth, TX, 225 pp. (Gastroliths)
Bonner, O. W., 1964. An osteological study of Nyctosaurus and Trinacromerum with a description of a new species of Nyctosaurus, Unpub. Masters Thesis, Fort Hays State University, 63 pages.
Brinkman, D. B., Z. Xijin, and E. L. Nicholls, 1992. A primitive ichthyosaur from the lower Triassic of British Columbia, Canada. Palaeontology 35(2):465-474.
Brinkman, D., Hart, M., Jamniczky, H., and Colbert, M. 2006. Nicholisemys baieri gen. et sp. nov, a primitive chelonioid turtle from the late Campanian of North America. Paludicola 5(4):111-124.
Bryan, J. R., 1992. Origin and paleoecology of Maastrichtian rockground and chalk facies in south central Alabama. Palaios 7(1):67-76.
Brower, J. C. 1983. The aerodynamics of Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus, two large pterosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3(2):84-124.
Brown, B., 1904. Stomach stones and the food of plesiosaurs. Science, 20(501):184-185.
Brown, B., 1907. Gastroliths, Science, (N. S.) 25(636):392.
Brown, B., 1913. A new plesiosaur, Leurospondylus, from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 32, Art. XL, pp. 605-615.
Brown, B. 1943. Flying reptiles. Natural History. 52:104-111.
Brown, D. S. and A. R. I. Cruickshank, 1994. The skull of the Callovan plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus and the Sauropterygian cheek. Palaeontology, 37(4):941-953.
Bryan, J. R., D. L. Frederick, D. R. Schwimmer, and W. G. Siese 1991. First dinosaur record from Tennessee: A Campanian hadrosaur. Journal of Paleontology. 65:696-697. (remains from marine sediments).
Buchanan, R. C. (ed.), 1984. Kansas geology: An introduction to landscapes, rocks, minerals and fossils. University Press of Kansas. 208 pp.
Buchanan, R. C. and J. R. McCauley, 1987. Roadside Kansas; A traveler's guide to its geology and landmarks. University Press of Kansas. 365 pp.
Buchy, M-C, 2004. Plesiosaurs (Reptilia-Sauropterygia) from the Braunjura ß (Middle Jurassic; late Aalenian) of southern Germany. Carolinea 62: 51-62
Buchy, M-C, Frey, E., Stinnesbeck, W. Lopez-Oliva, J. G. 2003. First occurrence of a gigantic pliosaurid plesiosaur in the late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Mexico. Bull. Soc. géol. Fr., 174(3):271-278.
Buchy, M-C, F. Métayer and E. Frey. 2005. Osteology of Manemergus anguirostris n. gen et sp., a new plesiosaur (Reptila, Sauroopterygia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco. Palaeontographica 272 (5-6): 97-120.
Buchy, M.-C., Smith, K.T., Frey, E., Stinnesbeck, W., González González, A.H., Ifrim, C., López-Oliva, J.G. and Porras-Muzquiz, H. 2005. Annotated catalogue of marine squamates (Reptilia) from the Upper Cretaceous of northeastern Mexico. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 195-206.
Buchy, M-C, P. Taugourdeau and P. Janvier. 2004. Stomach contents of a lower Triassic ichthyosaur from Spitzbergen. Oryctos 5: 47-55.
Buckland, W. 1829. On the discovery of a new species of Pterodactyle in the Lias at Lyme Regis. Transactions of the Geological Society of London, Series 2, 3:217-222.
Buckland, W., 1830. Letter from the Rev. Dr. W. Buckland, F. R. S. &c. Professor of Mineralology and Geology in the University of Oxford, on the discovery of coprolites in North America. Philosophical Magazine, New Series, 7(41):321-323, 1 text fig. (for May; see DeKay 1830)
Bühler, P., L. D. Martin and L. M. Witmer., 1988. Cranial kinesis in the Late Cretaceous birds Hesperornis and Parahesperornis. Auk 105 p. 111-122.
Bukowski, F., 1983. Halisaurus platyspondylus -- The third reported occurrence of this mosasaur in New Jersey, The Mosasaur, 1:119-121.
Burnham, D. A., 1991. A new mosasaur from the Upper Demopolis Formation of Sumter County, Alabama, Masters Thesis, University of New Orleans, 63 pages.
Burnham, D. A., 1992. A new species of Plioplatecarpus (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale Formation (Campanian) of Wyoming. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12(suppl. to 3):20A.
Caldwell, M. W., 1996. Ontogeny and phylogeny of the mesopodial skeleton in mosasauroid reptiles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 116:407-436, 15 fig.
Caldwell, M. W., 1997. Limb osteology and ossification patterns in Cryptoclidus (Reptilia: Plesiosauroidea) with a review of sauropterygian limbs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(2):295-307.
Caldwell, M. W., 1997. Modified perichondral ossification and the evolution of paddle-like limbs in ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(3):534-547.
Caldwell, M. W., 1999. Squamate phylogeny and the relationships of snakes and mosasaurids, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 125:115-147, with 7 figures.
Caldwell, M. W., 2000. On the aquatic squamate Dolichosaurus longicollis Owen, 1850 (Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous), and the evolution of elongate necks in squamates. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(4):720-735.
Caldwell, M. W., 2002. From fins to limbs to fins: Limb evolution in fossil marine reptiles. American Journal of Medical Genetics 112:236-249.
Caldwell, M. W., 2003. "Without a leg to stand on": on the evolution and development of axial elongation and limblessness in tetrapods. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 40:573-588.
Caldwell, M. W. and G. L. Bell Jr., 1995. Halisaurus sp. (Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous (?Santonian) of east-central Peru, and the taxonomic utility of mosasaur cervical vertebrae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15(3):532-544.
Caldwell, M.W., and G. L. Bell, Jr. 2005. Of German princes and North American rivers: Harlan's lost mosasaur snout rediscovered. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 207-211.
Caldwell, M. W., L. A. Budney, and D. O. Lamoureux. 2003. Histology of tooth attachment tissues in the Late Cretaceous mosasaurid Platecarpus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23(3)622-630.
Caldwell, M.W. and C. G. Diedrich. 2005. Remains of Clidastes Cope, 1868, an unexpected mosasaur in the upper Campanian of NW Germany. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 213-220.
Caldwell, M. W., R. Holmes, G. L. Bell, Jr. and J. Wiffen. 2005. An unusual tylosaurine mosasaur from New Zealand: a new skulll of Taniwhasaurus oweni (Lower Haumurian: Upper Cretaceous). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(2): 393-401.
Caldwell, M. W. and M. S. Y. Lee. 2001. Live birth in Cretaceous marine lizards (mosasauroids). Proceedings: Biological Sciences 268(1484):2397-2401.
Caldwell, M. W. and M. S. Y. Lee. 2004. Reevaluation of the Cretaceous marine lizard Acteosaurus crassicostatus Calligaris, 1993. Journal of Paleontology 78(3):617-619.
Callison, G., 1967. Intracranial mobility in Kansas mosasaurs, The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions - Paper 26, 15 pages.
Calloway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls (eds.). 1997. Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, 501 pages.
Camp, C. L., 1942. California Mosasaurs, University of California Press, 67 pages.
Camp, C. L., 1981. Child of the rocks - The story of the Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Special Publication 5, 36 pp.
Campbell, C., 2001. "Tails of Hoffmanni": Mosasaur fossils in the tsunami deposit at K/T boundary of southeast Missouri. (Abstract) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(suppl. to 3):37A.
Campbell, C., 2002. Microtectite clasts in tsunami deposit at K/T Boundary of southeast Missouri. (Abstract) GSA Meeting, Denver, Oct., 2002. (Mosasaurus hoffmanni vertebrae and tooth also found)
Camper, P., 1786. Conjectures relative to the petrifications found in St. Peters Mountain near Maastricht. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London. 76:443-456, pls. 15-16.
Cannon, G. L. 1906. Sauropodan Gastroliths. Science. N. S. 24(604):116. (Issue of July 27, 1906) <EM>
Carpenter, K. 1990. Upward continuity of the Niobrara fauna with the Pierre Shale fauna. pp. 73-81, In S. C. Bennett, (ed.), Niobrara Chalk Excursion Guidebook, The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History and the Kansas Geological Survey.
Carpenter, K. 1994. Comparative cranial anatomy of two North American plesiosaurs (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) and a Review of Some North American Elasmosaurs, unpublished draft. <KC>
Carpenter, K. 1994. Comparative cranial anatomy of two North American Cretaceous plesiosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to 3):19A.
Carpenter, K. 1994. A review of some short-necked plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous of North America, unpublished draft.
Carpenter, K. 1996. Sharon Springs Member, Pierre Shale (Lower Campanian) depositional environment and origin of its vertebrate fauna, with a review of North American plesiosaurs. Unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado, 251 pp.
Carpenter, K. 1996. A Review of short-necked plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous of the western interior, North America. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlungen (Stuttgart) 201(2):259-287.
Carpenter, K. 1997. Comparative cranial anatomy of two North American Cretaceous plesiosaurs. pp. 191-216, In Calloway J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds,), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Carpenter, K., 1999. Revision of North American elasmosaurs from the Cretaceous of the western interior. Paludicola, 2(2):148-173.
Carpenter, K. 2003. Vertebrate Biostratigraphy of the Smoky Hill Chalk (Niobrara Formation) and the Sharon Springs Member (Pierre Shale). pp. 421-437 In Harries, P. J. (Ed.), Approaches in High-Resolution Stratigraphic Paleontology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
Carpenter, K. 2006. Comparative vertebrate taphonomy of the Pembina and Sharon Springs members (Middle Campanian) of the Pierre Shale, Western Interior. Paludicola 5(4), p. 125-149. <KC>
Carpenter, K., D. Dilkes, and D. B. Weishampel, 1995. The dinosaurs of the Niobrara Chalk Formation (upper Cretaceous, Kansas), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(2):275-297.
Carpenter, K. and Everhart, M. J. 2007. Skull of the ankylosaur Niobrarasaurus coleii (Ankylosauria: Nodosauridae) from the Smoky Hill Chalk (Coniacian) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 110(1/2): 1-9
Carpenter, S., 1995. The discovery of a Wiltshire pliosaur. Geology Today. 11:6-7. (Pliosaurus brachyspondylus Owen)
Carroll, R. L., 1981. Plesiosaur ancestors from the upper Permian of Madagascar. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, Series B. 293(1066):315-383.
Carroll, R. L., 1985. Evolutionary constraints in aquatic diapsid reptiles. Pages 145-155 in Cope, J. C. W. and P. W. Skelton, eds., Evolutionary case histories from the fossil record, Special Papers in Palæontology. 33:202 pp. London, England: The Palæontological Association.
Carroll, R. L., 1997. Mesozoic marine reptiles as models of long-term, large-scale evolutionary phenomena. pp. 467-489, In Callaway J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, eds., Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Carroll, R. L. and M. Debraga, 1992. Aigialosaurs: Mid-Cretaceous varanid lizards, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12(1):66-86.
Carroll, R. L. and P. Gaskill, 1985. The nothosaur Pachypleurosaurus and the origin of plesiosaurs. Transactions Royal Society of London, Series B 309:343-393.
Carvalho, L. B., S. A. Azvedo and V. G. Silva, 1995. Maastrichtian mosasaur remains from northeast Brazil. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to 3):22A.
Carvalho, L. B. and S. A. K. Azvedo, 1998. Proposta taxonomica para os repteis marinhos (Lepidosauria, Mosasauridae) do Neocretaceo da Bacia Pernambuco-Paraiba, Nordeste do Brasil, Geologia, No. 43 (Boletim do Museu Nacional), 14 pages. (Portuguese)
Case, E. C., 1898. Toxochelys. The University Geological Survey of Kansas, Part VI. 4:370-385. pls. 79-84.
Case, E. C., 1898. The development and geological relation of the vertebrates. Part III: Reptilia. Journal Geological 6:711-736 (Reptilia).
Case, J. A., 1995. Biostratigraphic patterns of Antarctic marine vertebrates across the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to 3):22A.
Case, J. A., J. E. Martin, D. S. Chaney, M. Reguero, S. A. Marenssi, S. M. Santillana, M. O. Woodburne, 2000. The first duck-billed dinosaur (Family Hadrosauridae) from Antarctica. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(3):612614. (Includes five taxa of marine reptiles)
Chambers, R., 1845. Vestiges of the natural history of creation. Wiley and Putnam, New York, vi + 353 p. (3rd edition). Note reference to plesiosaurs having "a turtle-like body" and "a long, serpent-like neck", p. 72)
Chatterjee, S. and B. J. Small. 1989. New Plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica. pp. 197-215 In Crame, J. A. Origins and evolution of the Antarctic biota. London, 322. pp.
Chatterjee, S. and W. J. Zinsmeister, 1982. Late Cretaceous marine vertebrates from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctic Journal, 17(5):66.
Chatterjee, S., B. J. Small and M. W. Nickell, 1984. Late Cretaceous marine reptiles from Antarctica, Antarctic Journal of the United States, 1984 Review, pp. 7-8.
Chinsamy, A., L. D. Martin and P. Dodson, 1998. Bone microstructure of the diving Hesperornis and the volant Ichthyornis from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas. Cretaceous Research 19:225-235.
Christiansen, P. and N. Bonde, 2002. A new species of gigantic mosasaur from the Late Cretaceous of Israel. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(3):629-644.
Cicimurri, D. J., G. L. Bell, Jr., and P. W. Stoffer, 1999. Vertebrate
paleontology of the Pierre Shale and Fox Hills formations (Late Campanian-Late
Maastrichtian) of Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Fourth National Park Service
Paleontological Research Volume, NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-99/3, p. 1-7.
Cicimurri, D. J. and M. J. Everhart, 2001. An elasmosaur with stomach contents and
gastroliths from the Pierre Shale (late Cretaceous) of Kansas. Kansas Academy of
Science, Transactions 104(3-4):129-143.
Clarke, J., and S. Etches, 1991. Predation amongst Jurassic marine reptiles. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society 113:202-205.
Clarke, J. A. 2004. Morphology, phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 286: 1-179.
Cohn, M. J. and C. Tickle, 1999. Developmental basis of limblessness and axial patterning in snakes, Nature, 399:474-479.
Colbert, E. H., 1949. A new Cretaceous plesiosaur from Venezuela, American Museum Novitates, Number 1420, 22 pages.
Cole, V. B. 2007. Field notes regarding the 1930 discovery of the type specimen of Niobrarasaurus coleii, Gove County, Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 110(1/2): 132-134.Colegande, J. and L. Felder, 2000. In the presence of dinosaurs. Time Life Books, Alexandria
Conybeare, W. D., 1824. On the Discovery of an almost perfect skeleton of the Plesiosaurus. Transactions Geological Society London, 2nd Series 1:381-389, Pl. XLIX. (Read on the Web or download a .pdf version of this and other old plesiosaur papers at Richard Forrest's Plesiosaur.com )
Cope, E. D., 1868. Note on the fossil reptiles, near Fort Wallace, page 68 in LeConte, J. L., 1868. Notes on the geology of the survey for the extension of the Union Pacific Railway, E. D., from the Smoky Hill River, Kansas, to the Rio Grande. Review Printing House, Philadelphia, 76 p. with folded map.
Cope, E. D., 1868. The fossil reptiles of New Jersey. The American Naturalist, 1:23-30.
Cope, E. D., 1868. Remarks on a new enaliosaurian, Elasmosaurus platyurus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20:92-93. (for meeting of March 24, 1868)
Cope, E. D., 1868. (on new species of extinct reptiles). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20:181. (for meeting of July 14, 1868.
Cope, E. D., 1868. On a new large enaliosaur. American Journal of Science Series 2, 46(137):263-264. (September)Cope, E. D., 1868. On the genus Laelaps. American Journal of Science Series 2, 46(138):415-417. (September)
Cope, E. D., 1868. On some Cretaceous reptilia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20:233-242. (for meeting of Oct. 27, 1868)
Cope, E. D., 1869. [Remarks on extinct reptiles]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20:313. (Meeting of Dec. 15, 1968, published Feb. 1869)
Cope, E. D., 1869. (A resolution thanking Dr. Theophilus Turner for his donation of the skeleton of Elasmosaurus platyurus). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20:314. (Meeting of December 15, 1868)
Cope, E. D., 1869. Specimens of extinct reptiles. Nature 1:121-122.
Cope, E. D., 1869 [On Cretaceous reptiles of North America]. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11(81):16. (meeting of Feb. 19, 1869)
Cope, E. D., 1869. [Remarks on Holops brevispinus, Ornithotarsus immanis, and Macrosaurus proriger.] Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 11(81):123 (meeting of June 1, 1869)
Cope, E. D., 1869. [Report of the June 1, 1869 meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia - Cope report on Cretaceous reptiles of New Jersey]. Nature, 1:121-122. (reprint of above)
Cope, E. D., 1869. [Remarks on fossil reptiles, Clidastes propython, Polycotylus latipinnis, Ornithotarsus immanis.]. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society xi p. 117. (meeting of June 18, 1869)
Cope, E. D., 1869. Synopsis of the Extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America, Part I. Transactions American Philadelphia Society New Series, 14:1-235, 51 figs., 11 pls. (pre-print dated August, 1869) <GS>
Cope, E. D., 1869. On some reptilian remains. American Journal of Science, 2nd Series 48(143):278. (reprint of above article)
Cope, E. D., 1869. [Cretaceous reptiles of New Jersey and Kansas]. Nature (London) 1:121-122, issue of Nov. 25, 1869. (Report of a June 1, 1869 talk at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia)
Cope, E. D., 1869. On the reptilian orders Pythonomorpha and Streptosauria. Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History XII 250-266.
Cope, E. D., 1870. On Elasmosaurus platyurus Cope. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 50(148):140-141. (for July)
Cope, E. D., 1870. Additional note on Elasmosaurus. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 50(149):268-269. (for September)
Cope, E. D., 1870. The fossil reptiles of New Jersey. The American Naturalist, 3:84-91. [includes a "head on the wrong end" figure of Elasmosaurus platyurus]
Cope, E. D., 1870. [A joint in the jaw of mosasaurs]. (A brief comment in the Geology section) American Naturalist 3(1):55.
Cope, E. D., 1870*. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America. Transactions American Philosophical Society, (n. s.) 14:1-252 + i-viii, 55 figs., 14 pl. (*Revision of Cope, 1869, same title, with publication dated listed as August, 1869, published after March, 1870) <GS>
Cope, E. D., 1870. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America. Transactions American Philosophical Society, (n. s.) 14:1-252 + i-viii, 55 figs., 14 pl.
Cope, E. D., 1870. On some Reptilia of the Cretaceous formation of the United
States. Proceedings American Philosophical Society 11(83):271-274.
Cope, E. D., 1870. Observations on the Reptilia of the Triassic formations of the Atlantic
regions of the United States. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
11(84):444-446. (includes the description of Pneumatoarthrus peloreus, senior
synonym of Archelon, Wieland 1896)
Cope, E. D., 1870. [Statements communicated regarding Liodon perlatus].
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11(84):496-498.
Cope, E. D., 1870. [Notes on mosasaurs of New Jersey, New Mexico and Kansas]. Proceedings
of the American Philosophical Society, 11(85):571-572.
Cope, E. D., 1870. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America. Transactions American Philosophical Society, (n. s.) 14:1-252 + i-viii, 55 figs., 14 pl. (Part I only.)
Cope, E. D., 1871. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America. Transactions American Philosophical Society, (n. s.) 14:1-252 + i-viii, 55 figs., 14 pl. (Part I, the final publication of volume 14, with the addition of Parts II-V )
Cope, E. D., 1871. On some species of Pythonomorpha from the Cretaceous beds of Kansas and New Mexico. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11(85):574-584.
Cope, E. D., 1871. suppl. to the "Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(86):41-52. (for Mar. 3, 1871 meeting)
Cope, E. D., 1871. [Reptiles from the Cretaceous beds of Kansas]. Nature (London), 3:499, issue of April 20, 1871. (Report of Dec. 6, 1870 talk at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia)
Cope, E. D., 1871. On the fossil reptiles and fishes of the Cretaceous rocks of Kansas. Art. 6, pp. 385-424 (no figs.) of Pt. 4, Special Reports, 4th Ann. Rpt., U.S. Geological Survey Territories (Hayden), 511 p. (Cope names Portheus molossus, which was pre-empted by Xiphactinus audax Leidy 1870).
Cope, E. D., 1872. Note of some Cretaceous vertebrata in the State Agricultural College of Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(87):168-170. (for Oct. 20, 1871 meeting)
Cope, E. D., 1872. Sketch of an expedition in the valley of the Smoky Hill River in Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(87):174-176. (for Oct. 20, 1871 meeting)
Cope, E. D., 1872. On a new Testudinate from the chalk of Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(88):308-310.
Cope, E. D., 1872. On two new Ornithosaurians from Kansas. Proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society 12(88):420-422.
Cope, E. D., 1872. On two new Ornithosaurians from Kansas. American Journal of Science,
Series 3, 17:374-375.
Cope, E. D., 1872. A description of the genus Protostega, a form of extinct Testudinata. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(88):422-433.
Cope, E. D., 1872. [On a species of Clidastes and Plesiosaurus gulo Cope]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 29:127-124. (meeting of May 28)
Cope, E. D., 1872. [On the structure of the Pythonomorpha]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 24:140-141. (meeting of June 11)
Cope, E. D., 1872. On Kansas vertebrate fossils. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 3(13):65.
Cope, E. D., 1872. On the geology and paleontology of the Cretaceous strata of Kansas. Preliminary Report of the United States Geological Survey of Montana and Portions of the Adjacent Territories, Part III - Paleontology, pp. 318-349.
Cope, E. D., 1872. Food of plesiosaurs. American Naturalist 6:439.
Cope, E. D., 1872. Catalogue of the Pythonomorpha found in the Cretaceous strata of Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(87):264 and 12(88):265-287.
Cope, E. D., 1873. [On an extinct genus of saurodont fishes]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 24;280-281. (meeting of Dec. 17, 1872, naming of Protosphyraena nitida)
Cope, E. D.,1873. On the existence of Dinosauria in the transition beds of
Wyoming. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 12(89):481-483.
Cope, E. D., 1873. [On Toxochelys latiremis]. Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25:10. (meeting of Jan. 7) (naming of Toxochelys
latiremis)
Cope, E. D., 1873. On two new species of Saurodontidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25:337-339. (naming of Portheus lestrio (Xiphactinus audax), Portheus gladius (Protosphyraena gladius) and Daptinus (Saurodon leanus).
Cope, E. D., 1874. Review of the Vertebrata of the Cretaceous period found west of the Mississippi River. U. S. Geological Survey Territories Bulletin 1(2):3-48.
Cope, E. D., 1875. The Vertebrata of the Cretaceous formations of the West. Report, U. S. Geological Survey Territories (Hayden). 2:302 p, 57 pls. (Letter of Transmittal to F. V. Hayden)
Cope, E. D., 1877. [Vertebral column of Elasmosaurus serpentinus]. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 16(99):293:294. (meeting of March 2)
Cope, E. D., 1877. The sea serpents of the Cretaceous period. American Naturalist 11(5):311. (for May meeting)
Cope, E. D., 1877. The discovery of Laelaps in Montana, American Naturalist, 11:311.
Cope, E. D., 1877. On the genus Erisichthe [Protosphyraena]. Bulletin U. S. Geological and Geog. Survey iii, article xx pp. 821-823.
Cope, E. D., 1877. Report on the geology of the region of the Judith River, Montana, and on vertebrate fossils obtained on or near the Missouri River. Bulletin U. S. Geological and Geog. Survey (Hayden) 3(19):565-597; pls. 30-34. (Elasmosaurus serpentinus, Anogmius aratus and Apsopelix)
Cope, E. D., 1877. On some new or little known reptiles and fishes of the Cretaceous of Kansas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17(100):176-181. (Toxochelys latiremis Cope: issue of May-Dec., 1877, printed Nov. 20, 1877)
Cope, E. D., 1878. Descriptions of new Vertebrata from the upper Tertiary formations of the West. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17(100):219-231. (mention of Dr. George Sternberg's discoveries) <EM>
Cope, E. D., 1878. Professor Owen on the Pythonomorpha. Bulletin U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey Territories. (Hayden) 4(1):299-311.
Cope, E. D., 1879. The relations of the horizons of extinct Vertebrata of Europe and North America. Bulletin U.S. Geological Survey Territories (Hayden) 5(1):33-54.
Cope, E. D., 1881. A new Clidastes from New Jersey. American Naturalist 15(7):587-588. (July issue, naming of Clidastes conodon)
Cope, E. D., 1887. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic realms of the interior of North America. American Naturalist 21(5):445-462.
Cope, E. D., 1887. The sea-saurians of the Fox Hills Cretaceous. American Naturalist 21(6):563-566.
Cope, E. D., 1888. Lydekker on the Ichthyosauria and Plesiosauria. American Naturalist XXII 724-726.
Cope, E. D., 1894. On the structure of the skull in the plesiosaurian Reptilia, and on two new species from the Upper Cretaceous. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 23(144):109-113.
Cope, E. D., 1895. Baur on the temporal part of the skull and on the morphology of the skull in the Mosasauridae. American Naturalist 29(345):855-859.
Cope, E. D., 1895. Reply to Dr. Baur's critique on my paper on the paroccipital bone of the scaled reptiles and the systematic position of the Pythonomorpha. American Naturalist 29(347):1003-1005.
Cope, E. D., 1896. The affinities of the Pythonomorph reptiles. (abstract) Proceedings American Association for the Advancement of Science 44:153. (Zoology section)
Cope, E. D. and J. S. Kingsley, 1890. Editorial. American Naturalist 24(278):158-159 (issue of Feb. 1890, published Feb. 28, 1890)
Cowen, R., 1990. History of Life, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 470 pp.
Cowen, R., 1997. Locomotion and Respiration in Marine Air-Breathing Vertebrates [Draft version published on the Internet of: Cowen, R. 1996. Locomotion and respiration in marine air-breathing vertebrates. In Evolutionary Biology (edited by D. Jablonski, D. H. Erwin, and J. H. Lipps). University of Chicago Press.]
Cracraft, J. Phylogenetic relationships and monophyly of Loons, Grebes, and Hesperornithiform birds, with comments on the early history of birds. Systematic Zoology 31(1): 35-56.
Cragin, F. W., 1888. Preliminary description of a new or little known saurian from the Benton of Kansas, American Geologist 2:404-407. <EM>
Cragin, F. W., 1889. Geological notes on the region south of the great bend of the Arkansas. Bulletin of the Washburn College Laboratory 2(9):
Cragin, F. W., 1891. New observations on the genus Trinacromerum. American Geologist 8:171-174.
Cragin, F. W., 1894. Vertebrata from the Neocomian of Kansas. Colorado College Studies v pp. 69-73, pls. i, ii.
Cruickshank, A. R. I., and R. E. Fordyce, 2002. A new marine reptile (Sauropterygia) from New Zealand: Further evidence for a Late Cretaceous astral radiation of cryptoclidid plesiosaurs. Palaeontology, 45(3):557-575.
Cruickshank, A. R. I., R. E. Fordyce, and J. A. Long,1999. Recent developments in Australasian sauropterygian palaeontology (Reptilia: Sauropterygia), Records of the Western Australian Museum Symposium suppl. No. 57:201-205.
Cruickshank, A. R. I., D. M. Martill, and L. F. Noe, 1996. A pliosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) exhibiting pachyostosis from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal Geological Society, London. 153:873-879, 5 figs., 1 table.
Cruikshank, A. R. I., P. G. Small and M. A. Taylor, 1991. Dorsal nostrils and hydrodynamically driven underwater olfaction in plesiosaurs. Nature 352:62-64.
Cutler, W. G., 1883. History of the State of Kansas. A. T. Andreas, Chicago. 1,616 pages. (Early report on fossils of the Niobrara)
Currie, P. J., 1981. Hovasaurus boulie: An aquatic eosuchian from the upper Permian of Madagascar. Palaeontology Afrikans. 24:99-168. <PC>
Darby, D. G. and R. W. Ojakangas, 1980. Gastroliths from an Upper Cretaceous plesiosaur. Journal of Paleontology, 54(3):548-556.<RO>
David, M. L., 1994. Schmeltzmuster (enamel layers) in two short-necked plesiosaurs from west-central Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14(suppl. to no. 3):22A. (Dolichorhynchops osborni and Brachauchenius lucasi)
Davidson, J. P. 1997. The bone sharp; The life of Edward Drinker Cope. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Special Pub. 17, 237 pp., 10 pl.
Davidson, J. P. 2002. Bonehead mistakes: The background in scientific literature and illustrations from Edward Drinker Cope's first restoration of Elasmosaurus platyurus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 152:215-240. <JD/ES>
Davidson, J. P. 2003. Edward Drinker Cope, Professor Paleozoic and Buffalo Land. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 106(3-4):177-191.
DeBraga, M., and R. L. Carroll. 1993. The origin of mosasaurs as a model of macroevolutionary patterns and processes, in Evolutionary Biology, Volume 27, Max K. Hecht, Ed., Plenum Press, pp. 245-322.
Deeming, D. C., Halstead, L. B., Manabe, M., and Unwin, D.M. 1995. An ichthyosaur embryo from the Lower Lias (Jurassic: Hettangian) of Somerset, England, with comments on the reproductive biology of ichthyosaurs. pp.463-482 (Chapter 27) In Sarjeant, W. A. S. (ed.), Vertebrate fossils and the evolution of scientific concepts, Gorden and Breach Publishers.
DeKay, J. E. 1830. On the remains of extinct reptiles of the genera Mosasaurus and Geosaurus found in the secondary formation of New Jersey; and on the occurrence of a substance recently named coprolite by Dr. Buckland, in the same locality. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 3:134-141. (Original description of the type specimen of Mosasaurus dekayi Bronn 1838)
DeKay, J. E. 1833. Observations on a fossil jaw of a species of Gavial, from west New Jersey. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York.3:156-165, pl. 3, figs. 7-11. <EM> (Thoracosaurus neocesaviensis, mosasaur teeth and illustration of a coprolite)
De la Beche, H. T., and W. D. Conybeare. 1821. Notice of the discovery of a new animal, forming a link between the Ichthyosaurus and crocodile, together with general remarks on the osteology of Ichthyosaurus. Transactions Geological Society London 5:559-594.
Denton, R. K., Jr., J. L. Dobie, and D. C. Parris, 1997. The marine crocodilian Hyposaurus in North America, pp. 375-397, In Calloway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, eds., Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Derstler, K. 1988. A rich vertebrate fossil assemblage from the upper Dermopolis Formation of Alabama and Mississippi. Journal Alabama Academy Science 59(3):144. (Abs.).
Derstler, K. 1994. Evolutionary history of sea turtles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15(suppl. to no. 3):23A.
Derstler, K., A. D. Leitch, P. L. Larson, C. Finsley and L. Hill, 1993. The world's largest turtles - The Vienna Archelon (4.6 m) and the Dallas Protostega (4.2 m), upper Cretaceous of South Dakota and Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleont. 13(suppl. to no. 3):33A.
Dixon, F. 1850. Geology and fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous formations of Sussex. pp. i-xvi; 1-422. (New Edition, "revised and augmented" by Jones, T. R. 1878. William J. Smith, Brighton.
Dobie, J. L. 1978. A fossil amniote egg from an Upper Cretaceous deposit (Mooreville Chalk of the Selma Group) in Alabama. Copeia 3:460-464.
Dobie, J. L., D. R. Womochel, and G. L. Bell, Jr. 1986. A unique sacroiliac contact in mosasaurs (Saura, Varanoidea, Mosasauridae), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6(2): 197-199.
Dollo, L. 1887. Le Hainosaure et les nouveaux vertébrés fossiles du Musée de Bruxelles. Revue des Questions Scientifiques XXI 504-539; XXII, 70-112. (in French; Hainosaurus and new vertebrate fossils of the Museum of Brussels)
Dollo, L. 1892. Sur l'origine de la nageoire caudale des Ichthyosaures. Bulletin Society Belge Géol., Paléont., Hydrol. vi, Pr. verb. pp. 167-174, with 8 text figures. (On the origin of the caudal fin of Ichthyosaurs)
Dollo, L. 1893. Nouvelle note sur l'ostéologie des mosasauriens. Bulletin Society belge Géol., Mém. VI 219-259, pls. III, IV (1892). (A new note on the osteology of the mosasaurs)
Dollo, L. 1913. Globidens fraasi, mosasaurien mylodonte nouveau du Maestrichtien (Crétacé supérieur) du Limbourg, et l'éthologie de la nutrition chez les mosasauriens. Arch. Biol. XXVIII 1913, 609-626, pls. xxiv, xxv. (in French)
Dollo, L. 1924. Globidens alabamaensis mosasaurien Américain
retrouvé dans la Craie d'Obourg (Sénonien supérieur) du Hainaut, et les
mosasauriens de la Belgique en général. Arch. Biol. 34;167-213, pl. V.
Dortangs, R. W., A. S. Schulp, E. W. A. Mulder, J. W. M. Jagt, H. H. G. Peeters and D. Th. de Graaf, 2002. A large new mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous of the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw 81(1): 1-8. (Prognathodon saturator) <EM/AS>
Douglas, E., 1902. Dinosaurs of the Fort Pierre Shales and underlying beds in Montana. Science 15(366):31-32. (dinosaur remains in marine sediments)
Druckenmiller, P. S. 1998. Osteology and relationships of a plesiosaur (Sauropterygia) from the Thermopolis Shale (Lower Cretaceous) of Montana. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Montana State University. <SVP-2001>Druckenmiller, P. S. 2002. Osteology of a new plesiosaur from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Thermopolis Shale of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(1): 29-42.
Druckenmiller, P. S. A. J. Daun, J. L. Skulan and J. C. Pladziewicz, 1993. Stomach contents in the upper Cretaceous shark Squalicorax falcatus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleont. 13(suppl. to no. 3):33A. (includes mosasaur paddle elements)
Druckenmiller, P.S. and Russell, A.P. 2006. A new elasmosaurid plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, northeastern Alberta, Canada. Paludicola 5(4):184-199.
Dupras, D. L., 1988. Ichthyosaurs of California, Nevada and Oregon. California Geology (May) 99-107.
Dutchak, A.R. 2005. A review of the taxonomy and systematics of aigialosaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 221-230.
Dyke, G. J., R. W. Dortangs, J. W. M. Jagt, E. W. A. Mulder, A. S. Schulp and L. M. Chiappe, 2001, Europe's last Mesozoic Bird. Naturwissenschaften 89:408-411.
Eastman, C. R., 1904. A recent paleontological induction, Science, N. S. 20(510):465-466. (See Brown, B., 1907)
Eastman, C. R., 1906. Sermons in stomach stones. Science (N. S.) 23:983.
Eaton, G. F., 1903. The characters of Pteranodon. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 16(91):82-86, pl. 6-7. <EM>
Eaton, G. F., 1904. The characters of Pteranodon (second paper). American Journal of Science, Series 4, 17(100):318-320, pl. 19-20 <EM>.
Eaton, G. F. 1908. The skull of Pteranodon. Science (n. s.) XXVII 254-255.
Eaton, G. F. 1910. Osteology of Pteranodon. Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2:1-38, pls. i-xxxi.
Eaton, T. H. Jr., 1960. A new armored dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Kansas. University Kansas Paleontology Contri. 8:1-14, 2 fig. (Silvasaurus)
Echols, J. 1972. Biostratigraphy and reptile faunas of the Upper Austin and Taylor Groups (Upper Cretaceous) of Texas, with special reference to Hunt, Fannin, Lamar and Delta, Texas, Ph.D. dissertation (unpub.), The University of Oklahoma, 244 pages. <BK>
Elliot, D. K., G. V. Irby, and J. H. Hutchinson. 1997. Desmatochelys lowi, a marine turtle from the Upper Cretaceous. pp. 243-258 In Callaway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, San Diego.
Ellis, R. 2003. Sea dragons: Predators of the prehistoric oceans. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, KS, 313 pp.
Elzanowski, A. and Brett-Surman, M. K. 1995. Avian premaxilla and tarsometatarsus from uppermost Cretaceous of Montana. Auk 112(3): 762-767.
Etches, S. M., and J. B. Clarke, 1993. Feeding habits of Caturus and new evidence of coleoid distributions from the Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History & Archaeological Society 115 (179-181).
Evans, M. 1999. A new reconstruction of the skull of the Callovian elasmosaurid plesiosaur Muraenosaurus leedsii Seeley. Mercian Geologist, 14(4):191-196.
Everhart, M. J., 1999. An early occurrence of Pteranodon sternbergi from the Smoky Hill Member (late Cretaceous) of the Niobrara Chalk in western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 18(Abstracts):27.
Everhart, M. J., 1999. One day in the Western Interior Sea, The West Australian Dinonews, Issue 14, pp. 7-9.
Everhart, M. J., 1999. Revisions to the biostratigraphy of the Mosasauridae (Squamata) in Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of Kansas. Field Conference: Fossils of Wyoming. Tate Museum Guidebook 4:51-71.
Everhart, M. J., 1999. Evidence of feeding on mosasaurs by the late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(suppl. to 3):43A-44A.
Everhart, M. J., 2000. A day in the life of a mosasaur, The West Australian Dinonews, Issue 15, pp. 3-6.
Everhart, M. J., 2000. Gastroliths associated with plesiosaur remains in the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale (late Cretaceous), western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 103(1-2):58-69.
Everhart, M. J., 2000. The biostratigraphy of the mosasauridae (Squamata) in the Smoky Hill Chalk (late Cretaceous) of Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 19 (abstracts):11.
Everhart, M. J., 2000. Mosasaurs: Last of the great marine reptiles. Prehistoric Times. 44:29-31.
Everhart, M. J., 2001. Stones and bones: The function of gastroliths in plesiosaurs. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 20(Abstracts):29.
Everhart, M. J., 2001. Revisions to the Biostratigraphy of the Mosasauridae (Squamata) in the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk (Late Cretaceous) of Kansas. Kansas Academy Science Trans 104(1-2):56-75.
Everhart, M. J., 2002. New data on cranial measurements and body length of the mosasaur, Tylosaurus nepaeolicus (Squamata; Mosasauridae), from the Niobrara Formation of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 105(1-2):33-43.
Everhart, M. J., 2002. Where the Elasmosaurs roam...... Prehistoric Times. 53:24-27.
Everhart, M. J., 2002. New data on plesiosaur remains found as stomach contents of a Tylosaurus proriger (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Formation of western Kansas. (Abstract) Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions
Everhart, M. J., 2002. Remains of immature mosasaurs (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Chalk (Late Cretaceous) argue against nearshore nurseries. (Abstract) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(suppl. to 3):52A.Everhart, M. J. 2003. First records of plesiosaur remains in the lower Smoky Hill Chalk Member (Upper Coniacian) of the Niobrara Formation in western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 106(3-4):139-148.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. New data regarding the skull of Dolichorhynchops osborni (Plesiosauroidea: Polycotylidae) from rediscovered photos of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology specimen. Paludicola 4(3):74-80.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. Late Cretaceous interaction between predators and prey. Evidence of feeding by two species of shark on a mosasaur. PalArch, vertebrate palaeontology series 1(1):1-7.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. Tylosaurus novum sp. An update on an unnamed species of basal tylosaurine. Abstract book and field guide of the First Mosasaur Meeting, Schulp, A. S. and John W. M. Jagt (eds.), Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, the Netherlands, pp. 35-39.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. Plesiosaurs as the food of mosasaurs; new data on the stomach contents of a Tylosaurus proriger (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Formation of western Kansas. The Mosasaur 7:41-46.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. Notice of the transfer of the holotype specimen of Niobrarasaurus coleii (Ankylosauria; Nodosauridae) to the Sternberg Museum of Natural History. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 107(3-4):173-174.
Everhart, M. J. 2004. Conchoidal fractures preserved on elasmosaur gastroliths are evidence of use in processing food. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24 (Supplement to 3): 56A.
Everhart, M. J. 2005. Bite marks on an elasmosaur (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria) paddle from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) as probable evidence of feeding by the lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli. PalArch, Vertebrate paleontology 2(2): 14-24.
Everhart, M. J. 2005. Rapid evolution, diversification and distribution of mosasaurs (Reptilia; Squamata) prior to the K-T Boundary. Tate 2005 11th Annual Symposium in Paleontology and Geology, Casper, WY, p. 16-27 (not peer-reviewed).
Everhart, Michael J. 2005. Oceans of Kansas - A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea. Indiana University Press, 320 pp.
Everhart,
M.J. 2005. Probable plesiosaur gastroliths from the basal Kiowa Shale (Early Cretaceous)
of Kiowa County, Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 108 (3/4): 109-115.
Everhart, M.J. 2005. Earliest record of the genus Tylosaurus (Squamata;
Mosasauridae) from the Fort Hays Limestone (Lower Coniacian) of western Kansas.
Transactions 108 (3/4): 149-155.
Everhart, M. J. 2005. Elasmosaurid remains from the Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Possible missing elements of the type specimen of Elasmosaurus platyurus Cope 1868? PalArch 4(3): 19-32. (See also Noé and Gomez, 2007, below)
Everhart, M.J. 2005. Tylosaurus kansasensis, a new species of tylosaurine (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas, U.S.A. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 231-240.
Everhart, M. J. 2006. The occurrence of elasmosaurids (Reptilia: Plesiosauria) in the Niobrara Chalk of Western Kansas. Paludicola 5(4):170-183.
Everhart, M. J. 2007. Use of archival photographs to rediscover the locality of the Holyrood elasmosaur (Ellsworth County, Kansas). Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 110(1/2): 135-143.
Everhart, M. J. 2007. Sea Monsters: Prehistoric Creatures of the Deep. National Geographic, 192 p. ISBN-13: 978-1426200854.
Everhart, M.J. 2008. Rare occurrence of a Globidens sp. (Reptilia; Mosasauridae) dentary in the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale (Middle Campanian) of Western Kansas. p. 23-29 in Farley G. H. and Choate, J.R. (eds.), Unlocking the Unknown; Papers Honoring Dr. Richard Zakrzewski, , Fort Hays Studies, Special Issue No. 2, 153 p., Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS.
Everhart, M. J. and J. Bussen, 2001. First report of the mosasaur, Plioplatecarpus cf. primaevus, from the Pierre Shale (Campanian) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 20(Abstracts):28-29.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1992. Oyster-shell concentrations; a stratigraphic marker in the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 11(Abstracts):12.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1993. Notes on the biostratigraphy of the plethodid Martinichthys in the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 12(Abstracts):36.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1994. Evidence of predation on the rare plethodid Martinichthys in the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 13(Abstracts):36.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1996. First report of the shell crushing mosasaur, Globidens sp., from the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale (upper Cretaceous) of Western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 15(Abstracts):17.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1997. Earliest documented occurrence of the mosasaur, Tylosaurus proriger, from the Smoky Hill Chalk (Niobrara Formation, upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 16(Abstracts):14.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1997. Earliest occurrence of the mosasaur, Tylosaurus proriger, (Mosasauridae: Squamata) in the Smoky Hill Chalk (Niobrara Formation, upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17(suppl. to 3):44A.
Everhart, M. J. and P. A. Everhart, 1998. New data regarding the feeding habits of the extinct lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli, from the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 17(Abstracts):33.
Everhart, M. J., P. A. Everhart and J. Bourdon, 1997. Earliest documented occurrence of the mosasaur, Clidastes liodontus, in the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 16(Abstracts):14.
Everhart, M. J. and Ewell, K. 2006. Shark-bitten dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) vertebrae from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Coniacian) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions, 109 (1-2):27-35.
Everhart, M. J. and S. A. Hamm. 2005. A new nodosaur specimen (Dinosauria: Nodosauridae) from the Smoky Hill Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 108(1/2): 15-21.
Everhart, M. J. and S. E. Johnson. 2001. The occurrence of the mosasaur, Platecarpus planifrons, in the Smoky Hill Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21(suppl. to 3):48A. Abstract
Everhart, M. J., P. A. Everhart and K. Shimada. 1995. New specimen of shark bitten mosasaur vertebrae from the Smoky Hill Chalk (upper Cretaceous) in western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 14(Abstracts):19.
Everhart, M. J., P. A. Everhart and J. D. Stewart. 1995. Notes on the biostratigraphy of a small coelacanth from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk (upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 14(Abstracts):20.
Felder, P. J. and J. W. M. Jagt. 1998. De stratigrafie van het type exemplaar van Mosasaurus hoffmanni Mantell, 1829, Het grote dier van Maastricht, bepaald. Publicaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg, 41(1): 48-51. (The stratigraphy of the type specimen of Mosasaurus hoffmanni Mantell, 1829 determined)
Fernández, M. S. 1997. A new ichthyosaur from the Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of the Neuquén Basin, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. J. Paleont. 71(3):479-484. <MF>
Fernández, M. S., 1998. Nuevo material de Caypullisaurus bonapartei Fernández (Reptilia: Ichthyosauridae) del Jurásico superior de la Cuenca Neuquina, Argentina, Ameghiniana, 35(1):21-24. (In Spanish, w/English abstract). <MF>
Fernández, M. S., 1999. A new ichthyosaur from the Los Molles Formation, (early Bajocian), Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Journal Paleont. 73(4):677-681. <MF>
Fernández, M. S., 2000. Late Jurassic Ichthyosaurs form the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Historical Biology, 13:133-136. <MF>
Fleming, C. A., D. R. Gregg, and S. P. Welles, 1971. New Zealand ichthyosaurs - A summary including new records from the Cretaceous. N. Z. Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 14(4):734-741.
Fountaine, T.M.R., M. J. Benton, G. J. Dyke and R. L. Nudds. 2005. The quality of the fossil record of Mesozoic birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272:289-294.
Forrest, R. 2003. Evidence of scavenging by the marine crocodile Metriorhynchus on the carcass of a plesiosaur. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 114:363-366.
Forrest, R. and N. Oliver. 2003. Ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs from the Lower Spilsby Sandstone Member (Upper Jurassic), north Lincolnshire. Yorkshire Geological Society 54(4):269-275.
Fox, R. C., 1984. Ichthyornis (Aves) from the early Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of Alberta. Can. J. Earth Sci 21:258-260.
Frey, E., and J. Riess. 1982. Considerations concerning plesiosaur locomotion. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol., Abh. 164 p. 193-194.
Frerichs, W. E. and N. B. Dring, 1981. Planktonic formaminifera from the Smoky Hill Shale of west central Kansas. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 11(1):47-69. (use of forams for dating of the Smoky Hill Chalk)
Gaffney, E. S. and R. Zangerl, 1968. A revision of the chelonian genus Bothremys (Pleurodira: Pelomedusidae). Fieldiana, Geology, 16(7):193-239. <EM>
Gallagher, W. B., 2002. Faunal changes across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary in the Atlantic coastal plain of New Jersey: Restructuring the marine community after the K-T mass extinction event. Geo. Society America Sp. Paper 356, pp. 291-301. <WG>
Gallagher, W.B. 2005. Recent mosasaur discoveries from New Jersey and Delaware, USA: stratigraphy, taphonomy and implications for mosasaur extinction. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 241-246.
Gallagher, W.B., C.E. Campbell, J.W.M. Jagt and E. W.A. Mulder. 2005. Mosasaur (Reptilia; Squamata) material from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary interval in Missouri. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(2): 473-475.
Gallagher, W. B., D. C. Parris, and E. E. Spamer, 1986. Paleontology, biostratigraphy, and depositional environments of the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition in the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Mosasaur 3 p. 1-35.
Gasparini, Z., N. Bardet and M. Iturralde-Vinent, 2002. A new cryptoclidid plesiosaur from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Cuba. Geobios 35:201-211. <BC>
Gasparini, Z., N. Bardet, J. E. Martin and M. Fernández. 2003. The elasmosaurid plesiosaur Aristonectes cabrera from the latest Cretaceous of South America and Antarctica. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(1):104-115.
Gasparini, Z. S. Casadio, M. Fernández and L. Salgado. 2001. Marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous of northern Patagonia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 14:51-60.
Gasparini, Z. and M. Fernández, 1997. Tithonian marine reptiles of the eastern Pacific. In Calloway, J. M. and Nicholls, E. L. eds., Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, pp.435-450, 1997.
Gasparini, Z. and Fernández, M. 2006. Middle and late Jurassic marine reptile faunas of the southeastern Pacific, based on discoveries in Argentina and Chile. Paludicola 5(4):230-241.
Gasparini, Z. and M. de la Fuente, 2000. Tortugas y plesiosaurios de la formación La Colonia (Cretacico superior) de Patagonia, Argentina. [Turtles and plesiosaurs of the La Colonia Formation (Upper Cretaceous) from Patagonia, Argentina.] Revista Español de Paleontología, 15(1):23-35. (In Spanish, w/English abstract)
Gasparini, Z. and L. Salgado, 2000. Elasmosáuridos (Plesiosauria) del Cretácico Tardío del norte de Patagonia [Late Cretaceous elasmosaurids (Plesiosauria) from Northern Patagonia]. Revista Español de Paleontología, 15(1):13-21. (In Spanish, w/English abstract)
Gasparini, Z., L. Salgado, and S. Casadio. 2003. Maastrichtian plesiosaurs from northern Patagonia. Cretaceous Research 00:1-14.
Gasparini, Z. and L. Spalletti, 1993. First Callovian plesiosaurs from the Neuquen Basin, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 30(3):245-254.
Gasparini, Z. and R. del Valle, 1984. Mosasaurios (Reptila, Sauria) Cretacicos, en el continente Anartico. Noveno Congreso Geologico, S.C. De Bariloche, ACTAS IV:423-431. (In Spanish, w/English abstract)
Gass, P. 1807. A journal of the voyages and travels of a corps of discovery, under the command of Capt. Lewis and Capt. Clarke of the Army of the United States, from the mouth of the River Missouri through the interior parts of North America to the Pacific Ocean, during the years 1804, 1805 and 1806. Printed by Zadok Cramer, Pittsburg, for David McKeehan, Publisher and Proprietor, 262 pp. <EM> First mention of mosasaur remains in the midwestern U. S. )
Geist, N.R., Carpenter, S., and Stewart, J.D. 2002. Chemical and morphological analysis of soft tissue preservation in a mosasaur. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(suppl. To 3): 57A.
Geister, J. 1998. Lebensspuren von Meersaurien und ihren Beutetieren im mittleren Jura (Callovien) von Liesburg, Schweiz. (Lebensspuren made by marine reptiles and their prey in the middle Jurassic (Callovian) of Liesburg, Switzerland). Facies 39:105-124.
Gibbs, R. W., 1848. Monograph of the fossil Squalidae of the United States. Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Vol. 1, 2nd Series, pt. 2, art. 12:139-147. pls. 18-21.
Gibbes, R. W., 1850. On Mosasaurus and other allied genera in the United States. Proceedings American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2d meeting 1849, Cambridge p. 77.
Gibbes, R. W., 1851. A memoir on Mosasaurus and three allied new genera, Holcodus, Conosaurus, and Amphorosteus. Smithsonian Cont. to Knowledge ii, art. v pp. 1-13; pl. i-iii.
Gill, J. R., W. A. Cobban, and L. G. Schultz, 1972. Stratigraphy and composition of the Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale in Kansas. Geo. Survey Prof. Paper 728, 50 pp., 2 pl.
Gillette, D., 1990. Seismosaurus: The Earth Shaker. Columbia University Press. New York, 205 pp. (Gastroliths)
Gilmore, C. W., 1911. A new fossil alligator from the Hell Creek beds of Montana. Proceedings U. S. Nat. Mus. 41(1860):297-302, 2 pls., 1 text-fig.
Gilmore, C. W., 1912, A new mosasauroid reptile from the Cretaceous of Alabama, Proceedings U.S. National Museum, 40(1870):489-484. (Description of Globidens alabamaensis type)
Gilmore, C. W., 1914. A second occurrence of ichthyosaurian remains in the Benton Cretaceous. Science, 39(997):210. <EM>
Gilmore, C. W., 1921. An extinct sea lizard from western Kansas. Science American CXXIV 273, 280, 3 figs.
Gilmore, C. W., 1926. Description of mosasaurians from the Ripley Formation, Tennessee. U. S. Geological Survey Profess. Pap. 137:191-192.
Gilmore, C. W., 1927. Note on the second occurrence of the mosasaurian reptile, Globidens. Science, N. S. 66(1715):452.
Gilmore, C. W. and Stewart, D. R. 1945. A new sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Missouri. Journal of Paleontology, 19(1):23-29, 4 fig.
Gingerich, P. D., 1972. A new partial mandible of Ichthyornis. The Condor 74(4):471-473.
Gingerich, P. D., 1973. Skull of Hesperornis and early evolution of birds. Nature 243: 70-73.
Gingerich, P. D. 1975. Evolutionary significance of the mesozoic toothed birds. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 27: 23-34.
Grinnell, G. B., 1881. (REVIEW) Monograph by Professor Marsh on the Odontornithes, or toothed birds of North America. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 21(124):255-276.
Goldfuss, A., 1845. Der schädelbau des Mosasaurus, durch beschreibung einer neuen art dieser gattung erläutert, Nova Acta Academa Ceasar Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Natura Curiosorum 21:1-28 (See Webpage here) - (Click here for the English Translation).
Godfrey, S. J., 1984. Plesiosaur subaqueous locomotion, a reappraisal, N. Jb. Geological Paläont. Mh., (11):661-672.
de Graaf, D. T. and P. Rompen, 1995. Mosasaurus hoffmanni, naam en toenaam (Under the Name of Mosasaurus hoffmanni). Natuurhistorisch Maandblad, 84(2):27-35.
Grange, D. R., G. W. Storrs, S. Carpenter and S. Etches, 1996. An important marine vertebrate-bearing locality from the Lower Kimmeridge Clay (Upper Jurassic) of Westbury, Wiltshire. Proceedings Geological Association 107:107-116.
Gregory, J. T., 1951. Convergent evolution: The jaws of Hesperornis and the mosasaurs, Evolution, 5:345-354.
Gregory, J. T., 1952. The jaws of the Cretaceous toothed birds Ichthyornis and Hesperornis. Condor 54(2):73-88, 9 figs., 1 table.
Grinnell, J. B., 1923. An old time bone hunt. Natural History 23(4):329-336.
Gudger, E. W. 1944. The earliest winged fish-catchers. The Scientific Monthly, 59(2)120-129.
"H"., 1868. Review of Leidy's "Cretaceous reptiles of the United States". Geology Magazine (London) 5(51):432.435.
Haber, A. and Polcyn, M.J. 2005. A new marine varanoid from the Cenomanian of the Middle East. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 247-256.
Haggert, J. W., E. L. Nicholls and R. Bartlett. 2003. The first record of a pliosaurid (Plesiosauria, Pliosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of North America. Cretaceous Research 24:129-133. <ELN>
Halstead, L. B., 1989. Plesiosaur locomotion, Journal of the Geological Society, 146:37-40.
Hamm, S. A. and M. J. Everhart, 2001. Notes on the occurrence of nodosaurs (Ankylosauridae) in the Smoky Hill Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21(suppl. to 3):58A. Abstract
Hankin, E. H. and D. M. S. Watson. 1914. On the flight of Pterodactyls. The Aeronautical Journal, 18: 324-335.
Harksen, J. C., 1966. Pteranodon sternbergi, a new fossil pterodactyl from the Niobrara Cretaceous of Kansas. Proceedings South Dakota Academy of Science 45:74-77.
Harlan, R., 1824. On a new fossil genus of the order Enalio sauri, (of Conybeare). Journal Academy Nat. Science Philadelphia, Series 1, 3(pt. 2):331-337; pl. 12, figs. 1-5.
Harlan, R., 1825. Notice of the Plesiosaurus and other fossil reliquiae from the State of New Jersey. Journal Academy Nat. Science Philadelphia iv pp. 231-236. (See Leidy, 1851 for the re-identification of this 'plesiosaur' vertebrae as that of an extinct cetacean)
Harlan, R. 1834. Notice of fossil bones found in the Tertiary formation of the State of Louisiana. Transactions American Philosophical Society 4:397-403, pl. 20. (The description of Basilosaurus as an Eocene plesiosaur)
Harlan, R., 1834. Notice of the discovery of the remains of the Ichthyosaurus in Missouri. N. A.. Transactions American Philosophical Society 4:405-409, pl.20. (Harlan's mis-identification of a Mosasaurus premaxilla as that of an Ichthyosaur)
Harlan, R., 1834. Critical notices of various organic remains hitherto discovered in North America. Transactions Geological Society of Pennsylvania i, pt. i pp. 46-112, Philadelphia. (pages 76-81 only)
Harlan, R. 1834. On some new species of fossil saurians found in America. British Association for the Advancement of Science, 3, p. 440.
Hartstein, E. F., L. E. Decina, and R. F. Keil, 1999. A late Cretaceous (Severn Formation) vertebrate assemblage from Bowie Maryland. The Mosasaur 6:17-23.
Hasiotis, S.T., Platt, B.F., Hembree, D.L. and Everhart, M.J. 2007. The Trace-Fossil Record of Vertebrates. pp. 196-218 in Miller, W. III. (ed.), Trace Fossils - Concepts, Problems, Prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 611 pages.
Hawkins, T., 1834. Memoirs of Ichthyosauri and Plesiosauri, extinct monsters of the ancient Earth. Relfe and Fletcher, London. 58 p., 28 pls.<RF>
Hawkins, T., 1840. The Book of the Great Sea-Dragon, William Pickering, London. (Available on line from Richard Forrest's Plesiosaur.com) <FR>Hawkins, W. B. Jr., 1990. Taphonomy of an upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) mosasaur, Braggs, Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10(supp. to 3):26A. Abstract
Hay, O. P., 1895. On certain portions of the skeleton of Protostega gigas. Publ. Field Columbian Museum, Zoological Series (later Fieldiana: Zoology), 1(2):57-62, pls. 4 & 5.
Hay, O. P., 1896. On the skeleton of Toxochelys latiremis. Publ. Field Columbian Museum, Zoological Series (later Fieldiana: Zoology), 1(5):101-106, pls. 14 &15.
Hay, O. P., 1902. Bibliography and catalog of the fossil vertebrata of North America. Bulletin U. S. Geological Survey no. 179, 868 p.
Hay, O. P. 1908. The fossil turtles of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication No. 75, 568 pp, 113 pl. (WSU library)
Hector, J. 1873. On the fossil reptilia of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 6:333-358.
Heicoop, J. M., C. J. Tsujita, C. E. Heicoop, M. J. Risk, and A. P. Dickin, 1996. Effects of volcanic ashfall recorded in ancient marine benthic communities: comparison of a nearshore and an offshore environment. Lethaia 29:126-139.
Henderson, D., 2000. Asteroid impact. Dial Books for Young Readers, New York, 40 pp.
Henderson, D. M. 2003. Effects of stomach stones on the buoyancy and equilibrium of a floating crocodilian: a computational analysis. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 81:1346-1357.
Hiller, N. and A. Mannering. 2004. Elasmosaur (Reptilia: Plesiosauria) skull remains from the Upper Cretaceous of North Canterberry, New Zealand. Records of the Canterberry Museum 18: 1-7.
Hiller, N. and A. A. Mannering. 2005. An unusual new elasmosaurid plesiosaur (Sauropterygia) from the upper Haumurian (Maastrichtian) of the South Island, New Zealand. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 51(1): 27-37.
Hiller, N., A.A. Mannering, C.M. Jones and A.R.I. Cruikshank. 2005. The nature of Mauisaurus haasti Hector, 1874 (Reptilia: Plesiosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(3): 588-601.
Hirayama, Ren. 1994. Phylogenetic systematics of chelonioid sea turtles. The Island Arc 3:270-284.
Hirayama, R. 1997. Distribution and diversity of Cretaceous chelonioids. pp. 225-241 In Callaway, J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press, San Diego.
Hitchcock, E., 1853. Outline of the geology of the globe, and the United States in particular: with two geological maps and sketches of characteristic American fossils. Phillips, Sampson and Co., Boston. 136 pp, 6 pls., 2 folded maps. (excerpt)
Hoganson, J. W., 1996. Mosasaur remains and associated vertebrate fossils from the DeGrey Member (Campanian) of the Pierre Shale, Cooperstown site, Griggs County, east central North Dakota. GSA RM Sect. Ann. Meeting, Abstracts with Programs, 28(4):11.
Hogler, J. A., 1992.Taphonomy and paleoecology of Shonisaurus popularus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Palaios. 7:108-117.
Hogler, J. A., 1994. Speculations on the role of marine reptile deadfalls in Mesozoic deep-sea paleoecology. Palaios 9(1):42-47.
Holland, W. J., 1905. A new crocodile from the Jurassic of Wyoming. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 3(3):431-434, pl. XVI.
Holland, W. J., 1908, An undetermined element in the osteology of the mosasauridae, Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 4:162-167.
Holmes, R. B., 1996. Plioplatecarpus primaevus (Mosasauridae) from the Bearpaw Formation (Campanian, Upper Cretaceous) of the North American Western Interior Seaway, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 16(4):673-687. (excellent illustrations)
Holmes, R., M. W. Caldwell, and S. L. Cumbaa, 1999. A new specimen of Plioplatecarpus (Mosasauridae) from the lower Maastrichtian of Alberta: comments on allometry, functional morphology, and paleoecology. Can. J. Earth Science36:363-369.
Holmes, R., Cheng, Y-N and Wu, X-C. 2008. New information of the skull of Keichousaurus hui (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) with comments on sauropterygian relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(1): 76-84.
Holmes, R. B. and H-D. Sues, 2000. A partial skeleton of the basal mosasaur Halisaurus platyspondylus from the Severn Formation (upper Cretaceous: Maastrichtian) of Maryland, Journal of Paleontology, 74(2):309-316. <RH/HDS>
Hooks, G. E., III. 1998. Systematic revision of the Protostegidae, with a redescription of Carcarichelys gemma Zangerl, 1957. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18(1):85-98.
Horner, J. R., 1979. Upper Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Bearpaw Shale (marine) of south-central Montana with a checklist of upper Cretaceous dinosaur remains from marine sediments in North America. Journal Paleont. 53(3):566-577.
Huene, F. von. 1910. Ein ganzes Tylosaurus-Skelett. Geologisch Pal. Abh., Jena (N.F.) VIII XII 297-314, pls. xli, xlii (Heft VI, 1-22, pls. (A complete Tylosaurus skeleton)
Huene, F. von. 1911. Über einen Platecarpus in Tübingen. Separat-Abdruck aus dem neuen Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, p. 48-50, pl. III. (featuring a complete Platecarpus skeleton from near the Chalk Bluffs, in Logan Co., Kansas, collected by C. H. Sternberg in 1907)
Huene, F. von. 1919. Bilder aus der paläontologischen Universitätssammlung in Tübingen. Jahresh. Ver. Naturk. Württemberg LXXV 177-184, pls. VI-VIII. (Pictures from the paleontology collection of the University of Tubingen)
Huene, F. von. 1923. Ein neuer Plesiosaurer aus dem oberen Lias Wurttembergs. Sonder-Abzug auz "Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländishe Naturkunde in Württemberg" 79:1-21, pl. 1-2.
Huene, E. von. 1935. Mosasaurier-Zähne von Timor. Centralbl. Min. Geol. Pal., Abt. B 10 412-416, 3 figs.
Hulke, J. W., 1870. Note on some plesiosaurian remains obtained by J. C. Mansel, Esq., F. G. S. in Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London. 26:611-622. Pl. 41.
Hunt, A. P. and S. G. Lucas, 1993. Cretaceous vertebrates of New Mexico. in Lucas, S. G. and J. Zidek (eds.). Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. Bulletin 2:77-92.
Jacobs, L.L., Ferguson, K., Polcyn, M.J. and Rennison, C. 2005. Cretaceous d13C stratigraphy and the age of dolichosaurs and early mosasaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 257-268
Jacobs, L.L., Polcyn, M.J., Taylor, L.H. and Ferguson, K. 2005. Sea-surface temperatures and palaeoenvironments of dolichosaurs and early mosasaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 269-282.
Jagt, J.W.M. 2005. Stratigraphic ranges of mosasaurs in Belgium and the Netherlands (Late Cretaceous) and cephalopod-based correlations with North America. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 283-302.
Jagt, J. W. M., 1995. Mosasauriers in het Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht Opnieuw onder de loep Genomen Genomen (Mosasaurs in the Museum of Natural History Maastricht - a review). Natuurhistorisch Maandblad, 84(2):46-59.
Jagt, J.W.M., Lindgren, J., Machalski, M. and Radwakski, A. 2005. New records of the tylosaurine mosasaur Hainosaurus from the Campanian-Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of central Poland. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 303-306.
Jagt, J. W. M., A. S. Schulp, R. W. Dortangs, and F. Fonken, 2001. New data on durophagous mosasaurs from the type Maastrichtian. Muese - Rhine Euregio Geologists Meeting (Geologica Belgica), program abstracts.
Jeletzky, J. A., 1955. Belemnitella praecursor, probably from the Niobrara of Kansas, and some stratigraphic implications. Journal Pal. 29(5):903-914.
Kanie, Y., Y. Hasegawa, Y. Okazaki, and M. Tatematsu, 1998. Vampyromorph: past and present - Cretaceous Vampyromorph (Coleoidea: Cephalopoda) as the diet of [a] plesiosaur. Bulletin Gunma Mus. Nat. Hist. 2:11-22.
Kase, T., P. A. Johnston, A. Seilacher, and J. B. Boyce, 1998. Alleged mosasaur bite marks on Late Cretaceous ammonites are limpet (patellogastropod) home scars. Geology 26(10):947-950.
Kass, M. S., 1999. Prognathodon stadtmani: (Mosasauridae) A new species from the Mancos Shale (Lower Campanian) of western Colorado. in Gillette, D. D. (ed.) Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah, Utah Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication 99-1:275-294.
Kauffman, E. G. and R. V. Kesling, 1960. An Upper Cretaceous ammonite bitten by a mosasaur. University of Michigan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology. 15(9)193-248,9 pl. 7 fig.
Kauffman, E. G. 2004. Mosasaur predation on Upper Cretaceous nautiloids and ammonites from the United States Pacific Coast. Palaios 19(1):96-100.
Kayser, R. 1900. Eine wohlerhaltene fossile Eidechse (Tylosaurus dyspelor). Die Umschau, 4:S. 146-148. <SS>
Kear, B.P., Long, J.A. and Martin, J.E. 2005. A review of Australian mosasaur occurrences. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 307-314.
Kear, B.P. Schroeder, N.I., Vickers-Rich, P. and Rich, T.H. 2006. Early Cretaceous high-latitude marine reptile assemblages from southern Australia. Paludicola 5(4):200-205
Kiernan, C. R., 1992. Clidastes Cope, 1868 (Reptilia, Sauria): Proposed designation of Clidastes propython Cope, 1869 as the type species. Bulletin Zool. Nomencl. 49 p. 137-139.
Kiernan, C. R., 2002. Stratigraphic distribution and habitat segregation of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of western and central Alabama, with an historical review of Alabama mosasaur discoveries. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(1):91-103.
Kirkland, J. I., 1996. Paleontology of the Greenhorn cyclothem (Cretaceous: Late Cenomanian to middle Turonian) at Black Mesa, northeastern Arizona. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 9, 131 p., 50 pls. (I have pages 110-113 listing vertebrate remains).<EM>
Knight, C., 1844. Pictorial museum of animated nature and companion for the zoological gardens. (excerpted pages regarding dinosaurs and marine reptiles, with figures.
Knight, C. 1873. On the teeth of the Leiodon. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 6:358-364.
Knight, C. R., 1935. Before the dawn of history. McGraw-Hill Book Co. York, PA. 119 pp.
Knight, W. C., 1898. Some new Jurassic vertebrates from Wyoming. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 5(27):186. <EM>
Knight, W. C., 1898. Some new Jurassic vertebrates [Megalneurasaurus, giant pliosaur] from Wyoming. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 5(29):378-380. <EM>
Knight, W. C., 1903. Some notes on the genus Baptanodon, with a description of a new species. American Journal of Science, Series 4, 16(91):76-81. <EM>
Kobayashi, Y., J-C Lu, Z. M. Dong, R. Barsbold, Y. Azuma, and Y. Tomida, 1999. Herbivorous diet in an ornithomimid dinosaur, Nature, 402(480-481). (Gastroliths)
Koken, E. and H. Linder, 1913. Osteologische N-otizen über Muraenosaurus. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie 1:101-115. (Translated by from the German by Richard Forrest, available in .doc format at the Polygot Paleontologist)
Konishi, T. and Caldwell, M. W. 2007. New specimens of Platecarpus planifrons (Cope, 1874) (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and a revised taxonomy of the genus: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(1): 59-72.
Kosch, B. F., 1990. A revision of the skeletal reconstruction of Shonisaurus popularis (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10(4):512-514.
Kues, B. S. and S. G. Lucas, 1985. Mosasaur remains from the Lewis Shale (Upper Cretaceous), southwestern Colorado, Journal of Paleontology, 59(6):1395-1400.
Kuypers, M. M. M., J. W. M. Jagt, H. H. G. Peeters, and D. Th. de Graaf, 1998. Laat-kretaceische mosasauriers uit Luik-Limburg: Nieuwe vondsten leiden tot nieuweinzichten. Publicaties van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg, 41(1): 4-47. (Late Cretaceous mosasaurs from Liege-Limburg: new finds lead to new insights)
Lamb, J. P. 1989. Functional hearing in mosasaurs reassessed. Journal Alabama Academy of Science 60(3):144. (Abs.)
Lane, H. H. 1945. A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas. Part I: The fishes. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 47:129-176, 7 pls.
Lane, H. H. 1945. A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas. Part II: Amphibia. Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 48:286-316, 7 figs.
Lane, H. H. 1946. A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas, Part III, The Reptiles, Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 49(3):289-332, 7 figs..
Lane, H. H. 1946. A survey of the fossil vertebrates of Kansas, Part IV, Birds, Kansas Academy Science, Transactions 49(4):390-400.Langston, W. Jr. 1949. A new species of Paleorhinus from the Triassic of Texas. American Journal of Science 247:324-341, 3 figs.
Langston, W. Jr. 1956. The shell of Basilemys varialosa (Cope). Bulletin Nation. Mus. Canada 147:155-163, 2 figs., 2 pls.
Langston, W. Jr. 1956. The Sebecosuchia: cosmopolitan crocodilians?. American
Journal of Science 254:605-614, 1 fig., 1 table.
Langston, W. Jr. 1966. Mourasuchus Price, Nettosuchus Langston, and the
Family Nettosuchidae (Reptilia: Crocodilia). Copeia. 4:882-885.
Langston, W. Jr. 1966. The Onion Creek mosasaur. Texas Memorial Museum, Museum Notes No.
10, 24 pp.
Langston, W. Jr. 1975. Ziphodont crocodiles: Pristichampus vorax
(Troxell), new combination, from the Eocene of North America. Fieldiana Geology,
33(16):291-314.
Langston, W. Jr. 1978. A yearling crocodilian from the middle Eocene Green River Formation
of Colorado. Journal of Paleontology 52(1):122-125, 4 text-figs.
Langston, W. Jr., 1981. Pterosaurs. Science American. 244:122-136.
Lauber, P. and D. Henderson. 1991. Living with dinosaurs, Bradbury Press, 48 pages. (Chapter 1, Sea, Shore and Sky has some excellent illustrations by D. Henderson of marine reptiles, Pteranodons and birds. General audiences)
Lauginiger, E. M. 1986. An Upper Cretaceous vertebrate assemblage from Big Brook, New Jersey. Mosasaur 3:53-61, 2 pl.
Lawson, D. A. 1975. Pterosaur from the Latest Cretaceous of West Texas: Discovery of the largest flying creature. Science 187:947-948.
Lazo, D. G., and M. Cichowolski. 2003. First plesiosaur remains from the Lower Cretaceous of the Nequén Basin, Argentina. Journal of Paleontology 77(4):784-789.
LeConte, J. L. 1868. Notes on the geology of the survey for the extension of the Union Pacific Railway, E. D., from the Smoky Hill River, Kansas, to the Rio Grande. Review Printing House, Philadelphia, 76 p. with folded map. (Includes addendum by E. D. Cope on E. platyurus)
Lee, M. S. 1997. The phylogeny of varanoid lizards and the affinities of snakes. Philadelphia Transactions: Biol. Science 352(1349):53-91.
Lee, M. S. 2001. Snake origins and the need for scientific agreement on vernacular names. Paleobiology, 27(1):1-6.
Lee, M. S., G. L. Bell, Jr. and M. W. Caldwell. 1999. The origin of snake feeding, Nature, 400:655-659.
Lee, M. S. and M. W. Caldwell. 2000. Adriosaurus and the affinities of mosasaurs, dolichosaurs and snakes. J. Paleontology 74(5):915-937.
Leidy, J. 1851. [Descriptions of a number of fossil reptiles and mammals.]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 325-328, v pl.
Leidy, J. 1854. [Remarks on exhibiting to the Society four vertebræ of a huge extinct Saurian from Arkansas]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7(3):72, pl. II. (for meeting of May 23, 1954)
Leidy, J. 1855. Indications of twelve species of fossil fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7(10):395-397. (includes Enchodus ferox Leidy 1855....formally called Sphyraena; mis-identified by Cope (1868) as part of the stomach contents of Elasmosaurus platyurus)
Leidy, J. 1856. Remarks on certain extinct species of fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8:301-302.
Leidy, J. 1858. [Remarks on the teeth of Mosasaurus]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9:176. [MC]
Leidy, J. 1865. Memoir on the extinct reptiles of the Cretaceous formations of the United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge14(6):1-135, pls. I-XX. (partial copy)
Leidy, J. 1868. Notice of American species of Ptychodus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20:205-208.
Leidy, J. 1868. [Photographs of fossil bones] Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20:315. (Leidy exhibited photographs of the fossil bones of a Mosasaurus from near Fort Wallace, Kansas that was estimated to be about 70 feet in length).
Leidy, J. 1870. (Remarks on Elasmosaurus platyurus). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22:9-10. (for meeting of March 8, 1870). A brief summary of Leidy's March 8 remarks were printed in the July 21, 1870 issue of Nature 2:248.
Leidy, J. 1870. [Remarks on ichthyodorulites and on certain fossil Mammalia]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22:12-13. (The naming of Xiphactinus audax from a fragment of a pectoral fin found by Dr. George M. Sternberg in the chalk of western Kansas; this pre-dates Cope's 1871 description of Portheus molossus.
Leidy, J. 1870. Discosaurus and its allies. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 22:18-22. (April 5, 1870)
Leidy, J. 1870. On the Elasmosaurus platyurus of Cope. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 49(147):392. (for May meeting)
Leidy, J. 1870. On Discosaurus and its allies. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 50(148):139-140.
Leidy, J. 1870. [Summaries of Leidy's reports to the ANSP, March 8 and April 5, 1870]. Nature, 2:248 (issue of July 21, 1870)
Leidy, J. 1872. Remarks on fossil shark teeth. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 24:166. (meeting of July 9)
Leidy, J. 1873. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western interior territories. Rept., U.S. Geological Survey Territories (Hayden) 1:358 pp., 37 pls.
Lesquereux, L. 1868. On some Cretaceous fossil plants from Nebraska. American Journal of Science, Series 2, 46(136):91-105. (for July)
Lewy Z. A., Milner A. C. and Patterson, C. 1993. Remarkably preserved natural endocranial casts of pterosaur and fish from the Late Cretaceous of Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Current Research, 7; 31-35.
Liggett, G. A. 2001. Dinosaurs to Dung Beetles: Expeditions through time - A guide to the Sternberg Museum of Natural History. Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Hays, KS. 127 p.
Liggett, G. A. 2005. A review of the dinosaurs from Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science. Transactions 108(1/2): 1-14.
Liggett, G. A., S. C. Bennett, K. Shimada and J. Huenergarde. 1997. A Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) fauna in Russell county, KS. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions Abstracts. 16:26
Liggett, G. A., K. Shimada, S. C. Bennett and B. Schumacher. 2005. Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) reptiles from northwestern Russell County, Kansas. PaleoBios 25(2): 9-17.
Lindgren, J. 1998. Early Campanian mosasaurs (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from the Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden, Examensarbete I Geologi vid Lunds Universitet, 98:1-25.
Lindgren, J. 1999. Mosasaurierna - krithavens jätteödlor, Geologiskt forum, 21:3-7.
Lindgren, J. 2005. The first record of Hainosaurus (Reptilia: Mosasauridae) from Sweden. Journal of Paleontology 79(6): 1157-1165.
Lindgren, J. and M. J. Everhart. 2000. Remarks on two problematic mosasaur specimens from the Smoky Hill Chalk (late Cretaceous) of Kansas. Kansas Academy of Science, Transactions 19(abstracts):32.
Lindgren, J. and Jagt, J.W.M. 2005. Danish mosasaurs. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw, 84(3), p. 315-320.
Lindgren, J. and M. Silverson. 2002. Tylosaurus ivoensis: a giant mosasaur from the early Campanian of Sweden. Transactions Royal Society Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 93(1):73-93.
Lindgren, J. and M. Siverson. 2004. The first record of the mosasaur Clidastes from Europe and its palaeogeographical implications. Acta Palaeontolographica Pol. 49(2): 219-234.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1991. Locomotion in mosasaurs, Modern Geology, 16:229-248.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1991. Mosasaurs from the upper Cretaceous of Niger, Palaeontology, 34(3):653-670.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1992. A new mode of locomotion in mosasaurs: Subaqueous flying in Plioplatecarpus marshii, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 12(4):405-421.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1992. The tylosaurine mosasaurs (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from the upper Cretaceous of Europe and Africa. Bulletin de LInstitut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Sciences de la Terre, 62:171-194.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1993. The mosasaur Leiodon bares its teeth. Modern Geology. 18:443-458.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1994. Going out with a bang: the Cretaceous Tertiary extinction. Biologist, 41(5):215-218.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1994. First record of mosasaurs from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of Zaire. Paläont. Z. 68(1/2):259-265.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1994. The mosasaur "Angolasaurus" bocagei (Reptilia: Mosasauridae) from the Turonian of Angola re-interpreted as the earliest member of the genus Platecarpus, Paläont. Z. 68:1/2:267-282.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1994. The mosasaur Plioplatecarpus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from Upper Cretaceous of Europe, Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 64:177-221.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1995. The mosasaur Leiodon bares its teeth. pp. 483-498 (Chapter 28) In Sarjeant, W. A. S. (ed.), Vertebrate fossils and the evolution of scientific concepts, Gorden and Breach Publishers.(This is a republication of Lingham-Soliar, 1993 (above))
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1995. Anatomy and functional morphology of the largest marine reptile known, Mosasaurus hoffmanni (Mosasauridae, Reptilia) from the Upper Cretaceous, Upper Maastrichtian of the Netherlands, Philadelphia Transactions R. Society Lond. B. 347:155-180.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1996. The first description of Halisaurus (Reptilia Mosasauridae) from Europe from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium. Bulletin De L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 66:129-136.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1998. A new mosasaur Pluridens walkeri from the Upper Cretaceous Maastrichtian of the Lullemmeden Basin, southwest Niger, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 18(4):709-717.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1998, Unusual death of a Cretaceous giant, Lethaia, Vol. 31:308-310.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1998. Taphonomic evidence for fast tuna-like swimming in
Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und
Palaeontologie. Abhandlungen (Stuttgart) 207(2):171-183.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. A functional analysis of the skull of Goronyosaurus
nigeriensis (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and its bearing on the predatory behavior and
evolution of this enigmatic taxon. N. Jb. Geological Paläont. Abh. 213(3):355-374.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. The durophagous mosasaurs (Lepidosauromorpha, Squamata) Globidens
and Carinodens from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium and the Netherlands.
Paleontological Journal. 33(6):638-647, translated from the Russian, Paleontologicheski
Zhurnal 6:34-43.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. Rare soft tissue preservation showing fibrous structures in an
ichthyosaur from the Lower Lias (Jurassic) of England. Proceedings R. Society Lond. B.
266: 2367-2373.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. What happened 65 million years ago: The study of giant marine
reptiles throws new light on the last major mass extinction, Science
Spectra, 17:20-29.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. A reappraisal of subaqueous flight in mosasaurs. N.Jb. Geological Paläeont. Abh. 213(2):145-167.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2000. Plesiosaur locomotion: Is the four-wing problem real or merely an atheoretical exercise? N. Jb. für Geologie und Paläontologie Abh. 217:45-87. (See an on-line summary of this article HERE)
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2000. The mosasaur Mosasaurus lemonnieri (Lepidosauromorpha, Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium and The Netherlands. Paleontological Journal 34(Supplement 2):S225-S237. (Journal of the Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences)
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2001. The ichthyosaur integument: skin fibers, a means for a strong, flexible and smooth skin. Lethaia, 34(4):287-302.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2002. First occurrence of premaxillary caniniform teeth in the Varanoidea: Presence in the extinct mosasaur Goronyosaurus (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and its functional and paleoecological considerations. Lethaia, 35:187-190.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2003. Extinction of ichthyosaurs: A catastrophic or evolutionary paradigm? Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie. Abhandlungen (Stuttgart) 228(3): 421-452.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2003. Evolution in birds: Ichthyosaur integumental fibers conform to dromaeosaur protofeathers. Naturwissenchaften 909: 428-432.
Lingham-Soliar, T. 2004. Palaeopathology and injury in extinct mosasaurs (Lepidosauromorpha, Squamata) and implications for modern reptiles. Lethaia 37: 255-262.
Lingham-Soliar, T. and D. Nolf. 1989. The mosasaur Prognathodon (Reptilia, Mosasauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium, Bulletin de LInstitute Royal Des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 59:137-190.
Logan, W. N. 1897. The upper Cretaceous of Kansas; with an introduction by Erasmus Haworth. Kansas University Geological Survey, 2:194-234.
Long, J. A. 1998. New Zealand dinosaurs, marine reptiles and pterosaurs. pp. 160-172. In Dinosaurs of Australia and New Zealand and other animals of the Mesozoic era. Harvard University Press.
Loomis, F. B. 1915, A new mosasaur from the Ft. Pierre, American Journal of Science, Series 4, 39(233):555-566.
Lucas, S. G. 1994. Late Cretaceous pliosaurs (Eurapsida: Plesiosauroida) from the Black Mesa Basin, Arizona, U. S. A. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 28(1/2):41-45.
Lucas, S. G. 1997 Marine reptiles and Mesozoic biochronology. pp.423-434, In Callaway J. M. and E. L. Nicholls, (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles, Academic Press.
Lucas, S. G. 1982. Ichthyornis in the Late Cretaceous Mancos Shale (Juana Lopez Member), Northwest New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 56(2):545-547.
Lundelius, E. Jr. and S. St. J. Warne. 1960. Mosasaur remains from the upper Cretaceous of Western Australia, Journal of Paleontology, 34(6):1215-1217.
Lydekker, R. 1889. On the skeleton of a sauropterygian from the Oxford clay near Bedford. Quarterly Journal, Geological Society London, 45:48-56, pl. 2.
Lydekker, R. 1890. Contributions to our knowledge of the dinosaurs of the Wealden and the Sauropterygians of the Purbeck and Oxford Clay. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London, 46:47-53, pl. 5.
Lydekker, R. 1894. Notes on the Sauropterygia of the Oxford and Kimmeridge Clays, mainly based on the collection of Mr. Leeds at Eyebury. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 35(144):350-356. Meeting of Jan. 5, 1894.
Lyons, P. D., M. Rioux, and R. T. Patterson. 2000. Application of a three-dimensional color laser scanner to pal